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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter presents the research methods that will be used in this research. It covers research design, area determination method, research subject
determination, data collection method, research procedures and data analysis method.
3.1 Research Design
The design of this research was classroom action research with cycle model. It used classroom action research CAR because it was intended to
improve the eighth grade students’ vocabulary achievement. According to Elliot 1991:69, action research might be defined as the study of a social situation with
a view to improve the quality of action within it. In addition, Krathwohl 1998:587 states that action research is a research by practitioners to improve
practice, carries participant oriented evaluation to its ultimate conclusion- participants do the research. Further, Arikunto 2010:130 says that classroom
action research is a research which is done in the classroom by doing intentional activities. Therefore, this classroom action research was intented to overcome the
students ’ problem in vocabulary master activity and to improve the students’
vocabulary achievement by using poems. In this research, the researcher collaborated with the English teacher of
VIII-J of SMPN 1 Tulangan in doing the action research. The action in this research were conducted in two cycles. The action of each cycle covered four
stages of activities namely planning of the action, implementation of the action, observation and evaluation, and reflection of the action Arikunto, 2010:138.
The design of the classroom action research based on Arikunto 2010:137 is illustrated in the following diagram:
Planning of the Action Implementation of the Action
Observation of the Action Cycle 1
Reflection of the Action
Planning of the Action
Implementation of the Action Cycle 2
Observation of the Action Reflection of the Action
Based on the diagram above, the design of classroom action research in this research will be illustrated in the following diagram:
Adapted from Arikunto, 2010:137
Preliminary Study
a. Interview b. Fact finding
c. Problem
identification Revising some
necessary aspects If the result does not
achieve the target research criteria
Planning
a. Preparing the poems as
materials b. Constructing
the lesson plan
c. Preparing the test
d. Preparing the observation
guide e. Determining
the criteria of success
Implementation
a. Teaching vocabulary
by using poems
b. Administer ing the test
after the action
Observation and
Evaluation
Observing and
evaluating the teaching
learning of vocabulary
by using poems
Reflection
a. Analysis b. Reflection
The cycle is stopped Reporting the research result
If the result achieve the target research criteria
The activities of the research are as follows: 1.
Doing the preliminary study by interviewing the English teacher of SMPN 1 Tulangan in order to find and identify the research problems of
vocabulary achievement. 2.
Observing the classroom to identify the students’ participation during the teaching learning of vocabulary.
3. Finding out some documents to gain supporting data.
4. Planning the action by constructing the lesson plan for the first cycle.
5. Implementing the first cycle.
6. Observing the classroom while implementing the action in the first cycle
done by the English teacher in the first meeting and the researcher in the second meeting.
7. Giving vocabulary achievement test to the research subjects after the
actions were conducted in the first cycle. 8.
Analyzing the result of vocabulary achievement test in the first cycle. 9.
Analyzing the result of classroom observation in the first cycle. 10.
Reflecting the result of vocabulary achievement test and the result of classroom observation in the first cycle.
Based on the first cycle result, the action is continued to the second cycle, if the result of the first cycle does not achieve the research criteria. The second cycle
will be applied by following these steps: 1.
Constructing the lesson plan for the second cycle by using the same topic but different materials.
2. Implementing the second cycle.
3. Observing the classroom while the English teacher implementing the
second cycle. 4.
Giving vocabulary achievement test to the research subjects after the actions were conducted in the second cycle.
5. Analyzing the result of vocabulary achievement test in the second cycle
6. Reflecting the result of vocabulary achievement test and the result of
classroom observation in the second cycle. 7.
Drawing conclusions to answer the research problems.
3.2 Area Determination Method
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