1.3 Operational Definition of Variables
In this research, there are two variables namely independent variable and dependent variable. The independent variable is teaching vocabulary by using
Guessing and Speculating games with pictures to the experimental group and using question and answer with pictures in the control group and the dependent variable
that is the students’ vocabulary achievement. Both of the terms are operationally defined as follows:
1.3.1 Guessing and Speculating Games with Pictures a. Guessing and Speculation games
Guessing and Speculation games are games in which the students guess and observe some kinds of information from the picture that the teacher has given. The
information includes word, a phrase, and the location of an object. The teacher divides class into some groups. The teacher as knower gives some clues to the
students about a picture. The students should guess from the clues. Starting from the first clue, it is the most difficult to guess. The second clue is easier than the first one.
And if the second one cannot be guessed, the teacher gives the third clue and so on. These games are chosen because they have never been used in teaching vocabulary in
the school. In playing these games, the teacher uses pictures as the media. Moreover, the students can have a rich base and stimulus in teaching learning process including
pictures. Thus, they can help them in learning vocabulary.
b. Pictures
Picture is as a representation as a person, landscape, and building on canvas, paper, or other surface produced by painting, drawing, engraving or photography. Single
pictures are pictures of single object such as pictures of person, object, and action. Composite pictures are large single pictures which show a scene hospital, beach,
canteen, railway station, and street in which a number of people can be seen doing
1.5 The Significance of the Research
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