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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter concerns with the research design, operational definition of the terms, area determination method, research respondent determination method, data
collection methods, and data analysis method.
3.1 Research Design
This research used Experimental design. “Experimental research is a scientific investigation in which the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables,
controls any other relevant variables, and observes the effect of manipulations on the dependent variable” Ary et. al., 2010: 265. This research aimed to investigate
whether or not there is a significant effect using Quantum Learning model on the eighth grade students’ speaking achievement at SMPN 11 Jember. Quantum learning
model as the independent variable was manipulated to be applied in the experimental group as the dependent variable.
“The essential requirements for experimental research are control, manipulation of the independent variable; observation and measurement” Ary, et.
Al., 2010: 267. Control here meant arrangement of situation in which the use of Quantum Learning could be investigated. Manipulation also meant treatment given to
experimental group. Meanwhile observation was done after applying Quantum Learning in experimental group. The observation was done through speaking test
measurement. There are three kinds of experimental design; they are Pre experimental
Design, True experimental Design, and Quasi Experimental Design. Quasi Experimental Design was chosen in conducting this research. According to Ary et.al,
2010: 316 “Quasi Experimental Design is lack randomization but employ other strategies to provide some control extraneous variables”. There were two reasons in
choosing this design. First it was because true experimental could not be conducted because the researcher could not determine the research respondent randomly. The
research participants should be homogenous in order to avoid other thread during the
treatment process. Secondly it was because full control could not be provided to the students. We could not neglect that the researcher only giving the treatment during
the teaching and learning process. The pre test was not allowed to be conducted by the headmaster because of
the limited time. Therefore Quasi Experimental Posttest Only Design was held in this research. Two groups of students were involved in this research. One group was
assigned as the experimental group and the other group as the control group. The following was the illustration of the research design.
Group Treatment
Posttest E
X Y
1
C Y
2
Note: E: Experimental group
C: Control group X: Treatment using Quantum Learning model in teaching speaking
Y
1:
Posttest of experimental group Y
2:
posttest of control group Ary, et. al., 2010: 305
The procedure of the research was described as follows: 1. Formulating the research topic.
2. Determining the school where the research will be conducted. 3. Conducting preliminary study by interviewing the English teacher to find
out the learning model that had been applied by the teacher in teaching speaking to the eighth grade students at SMPN 11 Jember. Besides the
preliminary study was also done by asking students’ English score to analyze whether or not the population are homogenous.
4. Analyzing students’ English score to identify the homogeneity of the population by means of ANOVA Analysis of Variance formula.
5. Based on the result of analysis of variance, the population was homogenous. It meant every class has the same chance to be the research
sample. Thus lottery was done in choosing the research sample 6. Determining the experimental and control group by doing lottery. The first
lottery will be experimental group and the second lottery will be the control group.
7. Constructing the lesson plans for both classes. 8. Giving treatment to the experimental group by teaching speaking using
Quantum Learning model and teaching control group using Communicative Language teaching model.
9. The teaching and learning process was conducted in two meetings for each class. Every meeting took place for 2 x 40 minutes. The third meeting was
used to administer the posttest for both classes 10. Designing posttest for experimental and control group.
11. Giving the posttest for both classes. 12. Analyzing the results of the posttest using independent t-test formula
through SPSS. The result of this analysis was compared to know whether or not there was a significant effect of using Quantum Learning model on
students’ speaking achievement. 13. Making a conclusion to answer the research problem.
3.2 Operational Definition of the Terms
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