CONTENTS
CHAPTER SUBJECT
PAGE
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
LIST OF FORMULATIONS xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF SYMBOLS
xvii xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope of project
1.5 Summary
1 2
2 3
3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 2.2 Introduction to Propeller
2.2.1 Historical Development of Propeller Theory
4 5
5
CHAPTER SUBJECT
PAGE
2.2.2 Airfoil Geometry Parameters 2.2.3 Propeller Airfoil Design
2.2.4 Airfoil Terms
2.3 NACA Airfoil Series
2.4 Concept of Aerodynamics
2.4.1 Aerodynamic Forces and
Moments 2.4.1.1 Definition of Lift
2.4.1.2 Definition of Drag 2.4.2 Resultant Aerodynamic Forces
on Propeller 2.4.3 Definition of Stall
2.5 Aerodynamic Characteristic of Propeller
Propeller Blade Analysis 2.5.1 Downwash Angle, ε
b
2.5.2 Section Thrust and Circumferential Force
2.5.3 Total Relative Airspeed 2.5.4 Axial and Circumferential
Component of Induced Velocity 2.5.5 Section Lift and Drag
2.5.6 Lift Across Span 2.5.7 Propeller Airfoil Requirement
2.6 Propeller Analysis Method
2.7 Computational Fluid Dynamic
2.7.1 Development of Computational
Fluid Dynamic 2.7.2 CFD Simulation
SoftwareFluent 2.7.3 CFD Process
2.7.4 CFD Simulation Procedures 2.7.5 Defining a Boundary Condition
6 8
8
11 13
14 15
16
16 18
19 20
20 21
21 22
23 24
24 26
26
28 28
30 34
CHAPTER CHAPTER III
SUBJECT METHODOLOGY
PAGE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Project Overview
3.3 Methodology
3.3.1 Propeller Model Xoar 32 x 20 Pusher
3.4 Analytical Methods
3.4.1 NACA 2412 Airfoil 3.4.2 Results
3.5 CFD Simulation
3.5.1 Fluent CFD Simulation Methodology
3.5.2 Creating Model and Domain 3.5.3 Solution Procedure Flow
3.5.4 Spalart Allmaras Turbulence Model
3.5.5 Flow Domain 3.5.6 Meshing and Size Function
3.5.7 Boundary Condition
3.6 Validation 3.6.1 Experimental Data
3.6.2 NACA0012 Geometry 3.6.3 Validation Model
3.6.4 CFD Result 3.6.5 Comparison of Simulation and
Experiment Data 35
35 36
36 37
37 40
49
49 50
51
52 53
53 54
55 55
55 58
59
60
CHAPTER IV RESULTS
4.1 Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation Model and Domain
4.1.1 Grid Settings 4.1.2 General Simulation Parameter
61 62
63
CHAPTER SUBJECT
PAGE
4.2 Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation Results
4.2.1 Total Force and Coefficient
4.2.1.1 Simulation 1 4.2.1.2 Simulation 2
4.2.1.3 Simulation 3 4.2.1.4 Simulation 4
4.2.1.5 Simulation 5 4.2.1.6 Simulation 6
4.2.2 Pressure Contours 4.2.3 Velocity Magnitude and Vector
4.2.4 Behaviors of Velocity Vector at
Different Propeller Section and Relative Airspeed
4.2.5 Behaviors of Total Pressure at Different Propeller Section and
Relative Airspeed 64
64 64
65 65
66 66
67 67
70
72
74
CHAPTER V ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
