14 Table 2.5: Chemical composition and grades of Titanium Carbo-Nitride coating
Chemical composition TiCN 30:70 Grade
TiCN 50:50 Grade Element
Content wt Element
Content wt Total Carbon C
6.3 Total Carbon C
10.1 Free Carbon C
0.1 Free Carbon C
0.1 Iron Fe
0.1 Iron Fe
0.1 Oxygen O2
0.6 Oxygen O2
0.6 Nitrogen N2
14.2 Nitrogen N2
10.2
2.6 Process parameter optimization
2.6.1 Taguchi method
Taguchi method is a way to reduce variation in a process through the design of the experiment. The main objective of this method is to produce high production and
high quality of the product at low cost. When the process is poor, it will not only affect the manufacturer but also to the society. This method shows the designing
experiment to investigate how different parameter affects the mean and variance of a process performance characteristic and it performance.The experimental design
proposed by Taguchi involves using orthogonal arrays to organize the parameters affecting the process and the levels at which they should be varied. The collection of
the data is necessary to determine which factors most affect product quality with a minimum amount of experimentation, thus saving time and resources.Panda, et al.,
2013
15 The use of Taguchi’s parameter design involves the following steps Foster, 2000
a. Identify the main function and its side effects. b. Identify the noise factors, testing condition and quality characteristics.
c. Identify the objective function to be optimized. d. Identify the control factors and their levels.
e. Select a suitable Orthogonal Array and construct the Matrix f. Conduct the Matrix experiment.
g. Examine the data; predict the optimum control factor levels and its performance. h. Conduct the verification experiment.
In accordance with the steps that are involved in Taguchi’s Method, a series of experiments are to be conducted.
16
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
For this chapter, it will discuss about how this project will be design, how to run this project, type of software and hardware involved in this studies, method on
how the data are collect in this project and overall related part for the completion of the project based on the requirement. The whole processes for this project will be
covered, from the very start of the project to the last of it. The process begins with the squaring the received work piece D2 Tool Steel. The work piece goes squaring
process using conventional milling machine until the dimension is 100mm x 100mm with 10mm thickness. Then, follow by the drilling process using CNC 3 axis
machine with different parameter that had been selected. There will be 9 drill bit use for the drilling process which are three HSS uncoated, three Hss coated with TiN and
three Hss coated with TiCN. Each drill bit will produce one hole. Lastly, holes
diameter accuracy will be measured by Coordinate Measuring Machine CMM. The
Figure 3.1 shows the flow chart of the process and procedure in conducting the project according to the sequence.
