2. CASE STUDY
2.1 Description of Study Area
The data acquisition for the preliminary study on the developed method was conducted at a
mini replica landscape in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Skudai campus before it is
applied in a complex landscape. The mini replica landscape consists of some vegetation,
wooden block and plastic cube on top of small reclamation
land with
the approximate
dimension of 1.2m×0.6m as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. The sketch of overall layout of the scan stations, control points and the mini replica
landscape
2.2 Data Collection
Leica ScanStation C10 was used in the process of data acquisition. First of all, four BW
target were used as control points and they were established around the mini replica landscape
for the purpose of point clouds registration. Then, two scan stations were used to cover the
entire mini replica landscape. The scan resolution used in the data acquisition process is
the highest scan resolution 0.02m horizontal and vertical spacing at 100m. After finished
with scanning, it was followed by images capturing by using the scanner built-in camera.
The type of the built-in camera used is a 4 megapixels camera and the size of the provided
image is 1920 x 1920 pixels.
2.3 Data Processing
In this case study, the colour images captured were mapped automatically onto the point
clouds dataset using Leica Cyclone v. 7.3.3 software as those images were captured by
built-in camera of the Leica ScanStation C10 scanner where both sensor are well integrated.
Figure 2 a and b shows the different between the coloured point clouds and point clouds with
laser intensity only.
Figure 2. a Coloured point clouds and b the point clouds with laser intensity only of the
study area After that, all of the point cloud datasets were
registered together based on the Iterative Closest Point ICP algorithm. The process of
point clouds registration is done by picking up four common control targets which were
available in both point clouds dataset observed from both scan station 1 and 2. Then, the
constraint of those corresponding registration control points was computed in order to make
sure the error vector of those control points are small. Next, this is followed by basic editing by
trimming out the coloured point clouds which are not belong to the interest area. Then,
coloured point clouds in each different interest feature region were extracted and exported
in .pts format for the next stage of data processing. In this study, five types of feature
were selected for the analysis and they are terrain, slope terrain, vegetation, wood and road.
Furthermore, three sub-samples were randomly chosen for the feature class of terrain, slope
terrain and vegetation. The slope terrain here is referring to the terrain surface at the slope area
This contribution has been peer-reviewed. doi:10.5194isprsarchives-XL-2-W4-45-2015
47
while the terrain is referring to the flat surface terrain.
The spectral information of the coloured point clouds for the selected sample classes are
analysed by
calculating the
maximum, minimum and mean of every spectral band R,
G and B for each interest feature region. After that, the spectral information for each type of
interest feature was plotted into spectral feature- space histograms RGB by using Matlab. Then,
specific threshold value for each type of feature was determined by analysing the average
distribution of the spectral information for each individual band. The spectral threshold +- 10
from the mean value of each corresponding spectral band are used in order to extract each
different types of feature from the coloured point clouds. This process of terrain extraction
is done through using developed Matlab coding. Figure 3 shows the coloured point clouds in
Matlab program.
Figure 3. The view of coloured point clouds of the mini replica landscape in Matlab program
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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