writing, they have to follow the steps to make their writing more effective. The writing process can be summarized as follows:
1. Pre-writing
In pre-writing, the writer selects the general subjects, restricts the subjects, generates the ideas, and organizes the ideas.
2. Writing
In writing, the writer sets on paper the ideas in her or his mind into words, sentences, paragraph and soon.
3. Rewriting
The writer evaluates her or his writing; they are: correcting the content and the form, correcting the vocabularies, punctuations, and grammar, correcting
writing errors, word duplications, and omission Edelstein and Pival, 1998.
From the process of writing above, guided writing in the form of guiding questions plays the important roles in the three stages of writing. As stated by
Yuwono 1994: 16 that in order to be successful in writing, the English teacher should guide the students when composing their writing.
2.6 Guided Writing in the Form of Guiding Questions
A guided writing is used for guiding a learner to write something. One of the possibilities for a guided writing is by giving the learner some questions as guide
before writing, so that by answering the questions the students can express the
idea in writing. This idea is supported by Rivers 1981: 262 who says that “…a
series of questions may be constructed that the students writes a continue narrative as he answers them”.
Then this idea is added by Robinson 1967: 2 who defines guided writing as
writing in which one cannot make a serious error so long as he follows directions. From this statement, if it is applied in the classroom context, it seems that the
guide is used to avoid a serious error made by the students and the condition is that they should follow the direction.
Byrne 1988: 25 support this idea by saying “…the fundamental principle of guiding them in various ways toward a mastery
of writing skills, and sometimes controlling what they write, is not one we can lightly dismiss…”
In addition, Byrne suggests that we should consider more carefully what kind of guidance we should give them, particularly in relation to the various problems
they have when writing. Based on this idea, the writer assumes that one of the possibilities to be used as a guided writing is by giving guiding questions so that
by answering the questions, the students can write something easily.
This idea is advocated by Victoria University of Wellington, Communication Service Section 1992: 106 by stating:
“In some guided tasks, the guidance comes through questions…questions can be asked or answered in the first language. The questions can also be asked by means
of pictures and diagrams…there is a wide variety of questions forms and types”.
Here are the example of some questions that can lead the students to write recount text and the recount text that might be produced:
Parts of Recount Text and List of Questions
Recount Text
Introduction:
1. What is your unforgettable
experience? 2.
When did it happen? 3.
Where did it happen? When I was in Junior high school, I
joined football club. I joined the club because I love sports. I had football
on Sunday morning. One day my football club joined a football
competition.
Order:
1. What happened first?
2. What happen next?
3. What happen last?
Use “Connecting Words” to show the order of events.
There were eight clubs joining the competition. At first, our club won
the match. Then we had to defeat one club to get to the final. Fortunately,
we won again. After those two matches, we had lunch in the
cafeteria. We were so impatient to play in the last game. It was the hard
one because our opponent was very strong. Finally, we won the game
with a nice score of 3-2.
The end:
1. What was the last thing that
happened? 2.
How did it finish We were so tired. However, we were
happy and proud to be the winner of the competition. It was a very
interesting
competition I
my experience.
Based on the explanations, the researcher concludes that guided writing in the form of guiding questions is an activity in which the students are guided to
express their ideas into the written form by giving them some questions related to the topic which is going to be written by the students, in order to minimize the
mistakes made by the students and to help them organize their ideas coherently as long as they follow the questions given by the teacher.
2.7 Guiding Questions
