The Effect of Effective Microorganisms-4 (Em 4) Addition on the Physical Quality of Sugar Cane Shoots Silage
The Effect of Effective Microorganisms-4 (Em 4) Addition on the
Physical Quality of Sugar Cane Shoots Silage
Sofia Sandi*, Muhakka, & Ardi Saputra
Study Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya,
Jl. Raya Palembang Km.32, Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, 30662,
Indonesia
*e-mail:sofiasandi_nasir@yahoo.com
Abstract
This research aimed to find out the physical quality of silage sugarcane
shoots with the addition of Effective microorganism (EM-4). This research was
conducted in the Laboratory of animal science and in the Laboratory of Chemistry
and Microbiology the Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University. Shoots of sugar
cane were cut into pieces as long as pieces 2-3 cm and dried up to obtain water
levels 60-70%,then the addition of EM4 was done according to dose treatment and
stored for 21 days. Physical observation, temperature and the amount of lactic acid
bacteria were analyzed descriptively while the measurement of the degree of acidity
and percentage fungi of used Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments
and 3 replications. The treatments were: T0= shoots of sugar cane without
treatment (control), T1= shoots of sugar cane+4%EM4 (v/w), T2= shoots of sugar
cane+6%EM4 (v/w), T3= shoots of sugar cane+ 8%EM4 (v/w), T4= shoots of sugar
cane+10%EM4 (v /w). The results showed that the temperature of silage sugar cane
ranges from 27.5-29oC.The ever increasing doses of EM4 showed a yellowish green
color. The flavor was sour and fresh fragrant, the increase in the amount of lactic
acid bacteria, significantly affect (P0.05) n degrees acd (pH). The result showed that the contnued
degrees acd (pH) slase ths research s vared n sugar cane crtera from good to
bad. The qualty of a good slase found n treatment T4 (4.3) and the qualty of poor
for treatment T0 (5.2). Macaulay (2004) sad that can slase the qualty of beng
nducted nto four categores, whch s well (pH 3.2-4.2), good (pH 4.2-4.5), bad
(pH 4.5-4.8), and very bad (> 4.8). The addton of the EM-4 pH affect the qualty
of slage, because the hgher the awardng of EM-4 to 10% dose, then the greater
the decrease n pH. A decrease n the pH of the slage s nfluenced by lactc acd
bactera durng the process of enslase. Wth the large number of lactc acd bactera
contaned n the slage sugarcane leaf would be more effectve to facltate the process of enslase and wll contnue to progress untl the pH s low enough to nhbt
the growth of mkoorgansme predomnantly adverse (Lopez, 2000).
Total Lactic Acid Bacteria
Lactc acd bactera are a group of bactera that are capable of convertng carbohydrates (glucose) nto lactc acd. Baktersdal effects of lactc acd are assocated wth a decrease n the pH of the envronment beng 3 to 4.5 so that the growth
of other bactera ncludng pembusuk bactera wll be hampered. The largest amount
of lactc acd bactera n treatment of T4 (5.2 x 108 CFU/gr), whle the lowest treatment T0 (3.4 x 106 CFU/gr). The dfference n the amount of lactc acd bactera s
affected by pH of slage. the pH wll determne whch mcroorgansms are actve n
makng slage. Lactc acd bactera shows optmal actvty at pH= 4.3 (Woolford,
1984). Treatment wth addtonal t4 EM-4 to 10% placeman phænogamous durng the lowest enslase. Wth the number of lactc acd bactera contaned n slage
shoots of sugar cane of nhbtng the growth wll manly mkoorgansme s harmful.
Chen and Wenberg (2008), declare slage good domnated by workng lactc acd
bactera and produces lactc acd on the contrary, the process of fermentaton slage
a less well cause clostrda develops characterzed by hgh levels of butyrc acd
(elfernk et al., 2000).
Conclusons
Based on the research nconclusve that ncreases n dosages effectve mcroorgansm- 4 treatment of 10% dosages can mprove the physcal qualty of of slage
shoots of sugar cane.
References
Abdelhad LO, Santn FJ, Gaglostro GA. 2005. Corn slase of hgh mosture corn
supplements for beef hefers grazng temperate pasture; effects on performance
rumnal fermentaton and n stu pasture dgeston. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
204
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
118: 63-78.
AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Washngton DC : Assocaton
Offcal Analytc Chemst.
Chen, Y. dan Z. G. Wenberg. 2008. Changes durng aerobc exposure of wheat slages. Anm. Feed Sci. Technol.154: 76 -82.
Coblentz, W. 2003. Prncples of Slase Makng. Unversty of Arkansas. Payettevlle. http:/www.uaex.edu. [May 2011].
Darmawan, k. 2010. Rce straw fermented feed alternatves. http://em4organc.
blogspot.com. [May 2011].
Elfernk, S. J. W. H. O., F. Drehus, J. C. Go schal, dan S. F. Spoelstra. 2000. Slage
fermentaton processes and ther manpulaton. In: Mannetje, L.T. Slage makng n the tropcs wth partcular emphass on smallholders. Proceedngs of
the FAO electronc conference on tropcal slage 1 September to 15 December
1999.
Fardaz, S. 1987. The practce of mcrobology food. Resources nformaton, Bogor
Agrculture Unversty . Bogor
Koeshartowo. R. 2011. PTPN VII wll add acreage sugarcane. Srpo Onlne.http://
www.bumn.go.d/ptpn7/d/uncategorzed/. [October 2011].
Lopez, J. 2000. Probotc n anmal nutrton. Asan-australas. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1226.
Macaulay A. 2004. Evaluatngslage qualty. Http/www.agr.gov.ab.Ca/$department
Deptdocs nsf/all/for4909.html. [May 2011].
Muchtar, M., S. Tedjowahdjono, Y. Kurnawan, dan U. Mardyanto. 1983. “A potental byproduct of sugar ndustry n the development of anmal husbandry n
Indonesa%”. Proceedngs Of The Semnar. Natonal Insttute Of Chemstry
LIPI. Jakarta.
Okne, A., M. Hanada, Y. Abbula dan M. Okamoto. 2005. Enslng of potato pulp
wth or wthout bacteral noculants and ts effect on fermentaton qualty, nutrent composton and nutrtve value. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 121: 329–343.
Ratnakomala.S, Rdwan R. Kartna G, Wdyatut Y. 2006. Influence of noculum
Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and to the qualty of slage 1BL-2 elephant
grass (pennisetum purpureum). Biodivertas. 7(2):131-134
Rdla M, N. Raml, L Abdullah dan T. Toharmat. 2007. Mlk yeld qualty and satety of dary cattle fed slage composed of organc components of garbage. J.
Ferment. Bioeng. 77(5):572-574.
Stell, R.G.D. and Torre. 1991. Prncples and procedures of statstcs a bometrc
approach.. Grameda, Jakarta.
Sumarsh, S. Sutrsno, CI. dan Sulstyanto, B. 2009. Study of addng drops as
organoleptk and adftf to the qualty of slage banana peel nutrents. Natonal
Semnar On The Resurrecton Of The Farm. Semarang.
Praytno E. 2010. Shoot sugar cane. http://scence.blogspot.com/2010/02/sugarcane.
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
205
html. [October 2011].
Woolford, MK 1984. The Slage Fermentaton.Mcrobology seres. vo1.l4. Marcel
Dekker Inc., NewYork.
Yusmad. 2008. Study of qualty and palatabltas slage and hay complete ratonbased organc waste prmer on avodng goat etawah. [Thess]. Graduate Programs. Bogor Agrcultural Unversty. Bogor.
206
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Physical Quality of Sugar Cane Shoots Silage
Sofia Sandi*, Muhakka, & Ardi Saputra
Study Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya,
Jl. Raya Palembang Km.32, Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, 30662,
Indonesia
*e-mail:sofiasandi_nasir@yahoo.com
Abstract
This research aimed to find out the physical quality of silage sugarcane
shoots with the addition of Effective microorganism (EM-4). This research was
conducted in the Laboratory of animal science and in the Laboratory of Chemistry
and Microbiology the Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University. Shoots of sugar
cane were cut into pieces as long as pieces 2-3 cm and dried up to obtain water
levels 60-70%,then the addition of EM4 was done according to dose treatment and
stored for 21 days. Physical observation, temperature and the amount of lactic acid
bacteria were analyzed descriptively while the measurement of the degree of acidity
and percentage fungi of used Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments
and 3 replications. The treatments were: T0= shoots of sugar cane without
treatment (control), T1= shoots of sugar cane+4%EM4 (v/w), T2= shoots of sugar
cane+6%EM4 (v/w), T3= shoots of sugar cane+ 8%EM4 (v/w), T4= shoots of sugar
cane+10%EM4 (v /w). The results showed that the temperature of silage sugar cane
ranges from 27.5-29oC.The ever increasing doses of EM4 showed a yellowish green
color. The flavor was sour and fresh fragrant, the increase in the amount of lactic
acid bacteria, significantly affect (P0.05) n degrees acd (pH). The result showed that the contnued
degrees acd (pH) slase ths research s vared n sugar cane crtera from good to
bad. The qualty of a good slase found n treatment T4 (4.3) and the qualty of poor
for treatment T0 (5.2). Macaulay (2004) sad that can slase the qualty of beng
nducted nto four categores, whch s well (pH 3.2-4.2), good (pH 4.2-4.5), bad
(pH 4.5-4.8), and very bad (> 4.8). The addton of the EM-4 pH affect the qualty
of slage, because the hgher the awardng of EM-4 to 10% dose, then the greater
the decrease n pH. A decrease n the pH of the slage s nfluenced by lactc acd
bactera durng the process of enslase. Wth the large number of lactc acd bactera
contaned n the slage sugarcane leaf would be more effectve to facltate the process of enslase and wll contnue to progress untl the pH s low enough to nhbt
the growth of mkoorgansme predomnantly adverse (Lopez, 2000).
Total Lactic Acid Bacteria
Lactc acd bactera are a group of bactera that are capable of convertng carbohydrates (glucose) nto lactc acd. Baktersdal effects of lactc acd are assocated wth a decrease n the pH of the envronment beng 3 to 4.5 so that the growth
of other bactera ncludng pembusuk bactera wll be hampered. The largest amount
of lactc acd bactera n treatment of T4 (5.2 x 108 CFU/gr), whle the lowest treatment T0 (3.4 x 106 CFU/gr). The dfference n the amount of lactc acd bactera s
affected by pH of slage. the pH wll determne whch mcroorgansms are actve n
makng slage. Lactc acd bactera shows optmal actvty at pH= 4.3 (Woolford,
1984). Treatment wth addtonal t4 EM-4 to 10% placeman phænogamous durng the lowest enslase. Wth the number of lactc acd bactera contaned n slage
shoots of sugar cane of nhbtng the growth wll manly mkoorgansme s harmful.
Chen and Wenberg (2008), declare slage good domnated by workng lactc acd
bactera and produces lactc acd on the contrary, the process of fermentaton slage
a less well cause clostrda develops characterzed by hgh levels of butyrc acd
(elfernk et al., 2000).
Conclusons
Based on the research nconclusve that ncreases n dosages effectve mcroorgansm- 4 treatment of 10% dosages can mprove the physcal qualty of of slage
shoots of sugar cane.
References
Abdelhad LO, Santn FJ, Gaglostro GA. 2005. Corn slase of hgh mosture corn
supplements for beef hefers grazng temperate pasture; effects on performance
rumnal fermentaton and n stu pasture dgeston. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
204
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
118: 63-78.
AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Washngton DC : Assocaton
Offcal Analytc Chemst.
Chen, Y. dan Z. G. Wenberg. 2008. Changes durng aerobc exposure of wheat slages. Anm. Feed Sci. Technol.154: 76 -82.
Coblentz, W. 2003. Prncples of Slase Makng. Unversty of Arkansas. Payettevlle. http:/www.uaex.edu. [May 2011].
Darmawan, k. 2010. Rce straw fermented feed alternatves. http://em4organc.
blogspot.com. [May 2011].
Elfernk, S. J. W. H. O., F. Drehus, J. C. Go schal, dan S. F. Spoelstra. 2000. Slage
fermentaton processes and ther manpulaton. In: Mannetje, L.T. Slage makng n the tropcs wth partcular emphass on smallholders. Proceedngs of
the FAO electronc conference on tropcal slage 1 September to 15 December
1999.
Fardaz, S. 1987. The practce of mcrobology food. Resources nformaton, Bogor
Agrculture Unversty . Bogor
Koeshartowo. R. 2011. PTPN VII wll add acreage sugarcane. Srpo Onlne.http://
www.bumn.go.d/ptpn7/d/uncategorzed/. [October 2011].
Lopez, J. 2000. Probotc n anmal nutrton. Asan-australas. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1226.
Macaulay A. 2004. Evaluatngslage qualty. Http/www.agr.gov.ab.Ca/$department
Deptdocs nsf/all/for4909.html. [May 2011].
Muchtar, M., S. Tedjowahdjono, Y. Kurnawan, dan U. Mardyanto. 1983. “A potental byproduct of sugar ndustry n the development of anmal husbandry n
Indonesa%”. Proceedngs Of The Semnar. Natonal Insttute Of Chemstry
LIPI. Jakarta.
Okne, A., M. Hanada, Y. Abbula dan M. Okamoto. 2005. Enslng of potato pulp
wth or wthout bacteral noculants and ts effect on fermentaton qualty, nutrent composton and nutrtve value. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 121: 329–343.
Ratnakomala.S, Rdwan R. Kartna G, Wdyatut Y. 2006. Influence of noculum
Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and to the qualty of slage 1BL-2 elephant
grass (pennisetum purpureum). Biodivertas. 7(2):131-134
Rdla M, N. Raml, L Abdullah dan T. Toharmat. 2007. Mlk yeld qualty and satety of dary cattle fed slage composed of organc components of garbage. J.
Ferment. Bioeng. 77(5):572-574.
Stell, R.G.D. and Torre. 1991. Prncples and procedures of statstcs a bometrc
approach.. Grameda, Jakarta.
Sumarsh, S. Sutrsno, CI. dan Sulstyanto, B. 2009. Study of addng drops as
organoleptk and adftf to the qualty of slage banana peel nutrents. Natonal
Semnar On The Resurrecton Of The Farm. Semarang.
Praytno E. 2010. Shoot sugar cane. http://scence.blogspot.com/2010/02/sugarcane.
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
205
html. [October 2011].
Woolford, MK 1984. The Slage Fermentaton.Mcrobology seres. vo1.l4. Marcel
Dekker Inc., NewYork.
Yusmad. 2008. Study of qualty and palatabltas slage and hay complete ratonbased organc waste prmer on avodng goat etawah. [Thess]. Graduate Programs. Bogor Agrcultural Unversty. Bogor.
206
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012