\ CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology used in the study. The discussion includes those related to research method, research participants, research
instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
This study was a descriptive research in which the primary purpose of the research is description Sprinthall, Schmute and Sirois, 1991: 98. The writer
attempted to describe the students’ textual features of their narrative texts. Meanwhile, Ary et al. 1990: 381 state that the aim of a descriptive research is to
describe “what exists”, which is the students’ textual features of their narrative texts. Document analysis and survey, which are approaches under descriptive
research, were used to gather the data of this study. This study was also an explanatory research. The writers assumed that
there were errors in the students’ narrative texts. The writer wondered why those errors existed even though the students had been taught how to write a narrative
text. Neuman 1997: 20 mentions that when “you encounter an issue that is already known and have a description of it, you may begin to wonder why things
are the way they are. The desire to know “why” to explain is the purpose of explanatory research
.” Thus, this study was also an explanatory research as the
25 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
\ writer intended to identify the reason of the most frequent errors occurring in
applying textual features of a narrative text among the tenth grade students.
B. Research Participants
The tenth grade students of SMU N 2 Klaten were the participants or the population of this study. Sampling was used to enable the writer to study a portion
of population rather than entire population Ary et al., 1990: 170. The writer used typical case sampling technique, which is under purposive
sampling, and judgmental sampling. Typical case sampling “selects units that are considered typical of the phenomenon to be studied” Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh,
2002: 429. The writer needed to select, after consulting with the English teachers of the tenth grade students, one typical class rather than very high-achieving or
low-achieving classes. Actually, according to the English teachers, all classes had similar achievement in English. They were new tenth grade classes in SMU N 2
Klaten and their achievement in English were about in the same level. For the reason that, according to the tenth grade teachers, the students’
achievement was about in the same level, the writer used judgmental sampling. In judgmental sampling, “the researcher selects individuals presumed to be typical of
segments of the population who as a group will provide representative panorama of the population” Krathwohl, 1998: 172. In this study, the teachers selected a
class to be the sample of the population because, according to Krathwohl 1998: 172, judgmental sampling uses the experience and wisdom to select
representative of the population. It was the teacher instead of the writer who 26
\ selected the sample. As this study investigated the students’ narrative texts, the
English teachers said that class X B was the most appropriate class to be the sample of this study as 1 the class had average-achievement in English, 2 the
class was just learning how to write a narrative text and 3 the class was accessible. It was the perfect timing for the students in class X B to produce
narrative texts. Thus, class X B was selected as the sample of this study. There were 40 students in class X B. There were 26 female students and
14 male students. The students of class B had been taught about narrative text for about 4 times in 4 meetings. In teaching the students, the teacher used a handbook
and student work book. The teacher also had explicitly taught narrative text’s textual features.
C. Research Instruments
