Other formal and informal institutions

38

4.8 Other formal and informal institutions

Other formal and informal institutions along the chain are:  Ghana National Fish Traders and Processors Association GNFTPA o Established in 2014 as umbrella body; education and advocacy.  Environmental Protection Agency  Volta River Authority,  Water Resources Institute,  NGOs  Agricultural Development Bank,  Rural Banks,  Continental Christian Traders a major dealer in fishing nets,  National Fisheries Association of Ghana NAFAG,  National Inland Canoe Fishermen’s Council NICFC,  Ghana National Canoe Fishermen’s Council GNCFC,  Ghana National Association of Farmers and Fishermen,  Ghana Co-operative Fisheries Association. 39 Table 7 Value chain institutions, Services and Limitations Institutions Current services provided in relation to fisheries Services provided in relation to fisheries products sardinella Limitations in carrying out duties Ministry of Trade and Industry  Facilitates enterprise development including Micro, small and Medium EnterpriseMSMEs  Develop and enforce standards in trade and industry  Promote and facilitate Ghana’s active participation in global trade through participation in multilateral and bilateral institutions as well as champio n Ghana’s market expansion drive.  Facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship with both formal and informal sectors.  Involved in activities geared towards Production, commerce and creation of gainful employment.  Promotes made –in-Ghana goods and services. Supported SME’s in fish processes etc. Funding, infrastructure and to some extent limited expertise. Ghana Standards Authority GSA-MoTI  Metrology- calibration or verification service  Standards  Conformity Assessment. Fish inspection Client submits official request a letter to the executive director of GSA Application form, available at the Fish Control and Export Project Department, shall be completed and returned to the department together with the relevant documents indicated on the application form such as HACCP and the best practice Funding and Capacity building. 40 manual, etc. Fishery Products Regulation FPR must be purchased from the GSA Library. This is followed by inspection of premises and facilities. Approval may be given if assessment is favourable. Regular monitoring takes place after approval. Food and Drugs Authority  Mainly Inspections: Approval and licensing of cold storage facilities  Regulation of the Food, Drugs, Food supplements, veterinary medicines etc.  Is concerned by quality of the domestic, imported and exported products  Conducts inspections in domestic manufacturing industries  Regulate safe consumption of Fish and Fish products including Sardinella.  Ensures that storage operations of frozen Sardinella are safe.  Labelling Advertisement: ensures labelling of all processed fish packaged for sale  Limited scope of work; the department regulates just the storage facilities when considering the food chain.  Lack of generator sets as backup power.  Clients sell unwholesome fish to unsuspecting consumers.  Use of unrefrigerated vanstrailers as means of transport. Fisheries Commission  Issues fishing licence.  Approves catch certificate  Enforces Monitoring Control and Surveillance and Enforcement  Institution taking in charge of fish safety disease  Providing fishing licence.  Approving the catch certificate Customs  Enforces all the fisheries regulations  Uses GC-Net to enter export and import  Difficulty in tracking 41 Excise and Preventive Service in relation to fish import and export  Verifying documents and good quantity at export and import at the main border points  Ensures that fish ban into the country are not imported and cleared into Ghana, e.g. fresh tilapia.  Calculate Cost, Insurance and Freight - CIF for imported fish life fish 20 of CIF; frozen fish 5 of CIF in addition to VAT and processing fees. sardinella figures  Calculate import duties for sardinella.  Store uncleared imported sardinella in bonded warehouse sardinella and other that have been goods hided. Source: Source: Updated based on Failler et al ., 2014 42 Traditional Fisheries management Institutions  Community Based Fisheries Management Committee CBFMC o local committees formed fishing community based on existing traditional leadership authority and local government structures o enforce national fisheries laws at community level, enact and enforce their own by-laws; collaborate with District Assemblies and FC.  Chief Fisherman o Leads in resolution of disputes o Gives access to fishing in the communities. o Enforces a number of measures such as non-fishing days, ban on landing certain fish species during festival periods to prevent overfishing; o Leads in observing taboos and cultural practices such as performance of rituals to ‘sea gods’ and consulting of oracles during certain periods of the year help to manage the fish stocks. o Supervises acquisition and distribution of Premix-fuel.  Limitations: Lack legal power through national policy or legislation.  Fish Mummies Wives Women importers  Mummies o Finance the fishing business o Negotiate determine price for the day o Have large storage facilities  Fish Wives o Can be wife or female relative of fishermen o Receive catch from fishermen and process o Sell to retailers and consumers  Importers, e.g. Adom Mboroso andSarfo Nyame. o Import sardinella from EU, Namibia, Mauritania o Have large storage facilities o Sell to wholesalers, retailers and occasionally consumers.

4.9 Interaction of Governance Institutions with Actors