4.12 Peak residual voltage and 5kA 820µs current impulse 43
for proposed model 4.13
Peak residual voltage and 10kA 820µs current impulse 44 for proposed model
4.14 Peak residual voltage and 20kA 820µs current impulse 45
for proposed model 4.15
Peak residual voltage and 40kA 820µs current impulse 46 for proposed model
5.1 Residual voltage and relative error for each model
49 5.2
Front time and Tail time relative error when inject 51
820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 5kA to each model current waveform
5.3 Front time and Tail time relative error when inject
51 820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 10kA to
each model current waveform 5.4
Front time and Tail time relative error when inject 52
820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 20kA to each model current waveform
5.5 Front time and Tail time relative error when inject
52 820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 40kA to
each model current waveform 5.6
Front time and Tail time relative error when inject 53
820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 5kA to each model voltage waveform
5.7 Front time and Tail time relative error when inject
54 820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 10kA to
each model voltage waveform 5.8
Front time and Tail time relative error when inject 54
820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 20kA to each model voltage waveform
5.9 Front time and Tail time relative error when inject
55 820µs current impulse with peak amplitude of 40kA to
each model voltage waveform
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TOPIC
PAGE 2.1
Type of overvoltage 4
2.2 Number of days with thunderstorm,T
d
in Malaysia 5
2.3 Cloud-to-ground lightning downward negative
6 lightning
2.4 Cloud-to-ground lightning downward positive
6 lightning
2.5 Ground-to-cloud lightning upward negative
6 lightning
2.6 Ground-to-cloud lightning upward positive
6 lightning
2.7 Formation of lightning
8 2.8
Return stroke initiation and propagation 9
2.9 Combination wave open-circuit 1.250µs voltage
10 2.10
Combination wave short-circuit 820µs current 10
2.11 Voltage and overvoltage in high voltage electrical power 12
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