v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract i
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures viii
List of Table x
List of Abbreviations, Symbols, and Specialized Nomenclature xi
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and Problem 1
1.2 Project Requirements 4
1.3 Project Scope and Limitation 5
1.4 Potential Benefits from the Project 6
1.5 Project Outline 7
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Ergonomics Participatory and Its Applications 9
2.2 The Impact of Occupational Diseases in Manufacturing Industry 11
2.3 The Opportunities of Applying Ergonomics Participatory To Enhance Occupational Health in Manufacturing Industry
14 2.4 Ergonomics Participatory Tools for Occupational Health Assessment
15
3. METHODOLOGY 20
3.1 Case Study 20
3.2 Phase 1: Determination the Current Techniques of Materials Handling 21
3.3 Phase 2: Identification the Occupational Risk Factors 22
3.4 Phase 3: To Propose a Method of Materials Handling For Safe Working
vi Condition
25 3.5 Phase 4: The Effectiveness of Proposed Design Practices
27 3.6
Summary of Project Methodology 29
4. RESULT 30
4.1 Condition of Current Materials Handling Technique 30
4.2 Identification of Occupational Risk Factors in Current Materials Handling Technique
32 4.3 Assessment of Problem by Using Ergonomics Assessment Tools to
Determine the Effect of Occupational Risk Factors on Workers Health 34
4.3.1 First Assessment: Assessment of Workers Physiology in Current Materials Handling Technique
35 4.3.1.1 Result of Bending Posture Analysis
39 4.3.1.2 Result of Carrying Task Analysis
42 4.3.1.3 Carry Analysis
46 4.4 Improvements on Materials Handling Technique
48 4.4.1 Proposed Design 1
48 4.4.2 Proposed Design 2
50 4.5 Second Assessment: Ergonomics Simulation on Improved Materials
Handling Technique 53
4.5.1 Simulation for Proposed Design 1: Lift Table
53 4.5.2
Simulation for Proposed Design 2: Pallet Truck 58
4.6 The Effectiveness of Proposed Design Practices 62
5. DISCUSSION 63
5.1
Condition of Current Materials Handling Technique
63 5.2 Identification of Occupational Risk Factors in Current Materials
Handling Technique 64
5.3
Assessment of Problem by Using Ergonomics Assessment Tools to
Determine the Effect of Occupational Risk Factors on Workers Health 65
vii 5.3.1
First Assessment: Assessment of Workers Physiology in Current
Materials Handling Technique 65
5.3.2 Second Assessment: Ergonomics Simulation on Improved Materials
Handling Technique 67
5.4 The Evaluation of Effectiveness Improved Proposed Design Practices 68
6. CONCLUSIONS 69
