percent, based on the census records from 1960 to 2007, as compared to the provincial population growth rate of about
1.33 percent.
Figure 1. The study area. Topography: The topography of Bolinao is characterized
mainly by flat to rolling with some steep areas, particularly along the shorelines of the western part of the municipality,
near the Caquiputan channel and several areas of Santiago Island.
Geological Characteristics: The geological characteristics of the municipality are classified into three major categories: 1
Alluvium, 2 Coralline Limestone, and 3 Sandstone and Shale. Barangays Patar, Ilog-Malino, Estanza, Balingasay,
Arnedo, Concordia, Lambes, Catungi, Culang, Luna, Luciente II and a significant portion of the Santiago Island are classified
under the first category and can be further be classified either Active Tidal Flats ATF and Former Tidal Flats FTF.
Coralline limestone is found in some areas of barangays Lambes, Zaragoza and Catungi. The rest of the municipality is
categorized as Sandstone and Shale, with the exception of Santiago Island.
Livelihood: Bolinao is known for its abundant aquamarine resources. Majority of its continuously growing population
depend on these natural resources for their livelihood. Healthy coral reefs found in the municipal waters serve as habitats for
fishes and other marine animals. The high number of fishes caught within the municipal waters of Bolinao supplies the
needs of the eastern part of the province, nearby provinces and Metro Manila. Aquaculture businesses, which include fish
ponds and sea water farms, are also maintained in the various parts of the municipali
ty. Bolinao’s primary sources of income include farming and fishing. Fishing activities include fish
capture and aquaculture. Small-scale and cottage industries also include shell crafts and dried fish making.
Environmental Threats: Bolinao is threatened by both natural and man-made risks. Natural risks include earthquakes,
tsunamis, landslides and strong typhoons. Man-made threats include oil and coal spills and those arising from anthropogenic
activities like harmful algal blooms and fish kills.
2. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 Conceptual Framework
Figure 2. The vulnerability assessment methodology. The study is comprised of four major stages Figure 2: 1 Sea
level rise assessment using recorded sea level anomalies from multiple satellite altimetry missions; 2 Socioeconomic data
gathering and analysis; 3 Derivation of high resolution digital elevation model DEM and digital surface model DSM from
high resolution satellite images and terrestrial laser scanning surveys, and 4 Data integration in GIS.
2.2 Sea Level Rise Assessment
Sea level anomaly data from six 6 satellite altimetry missions,
namely, ERS-1,
ERS-2, Envisat
1, TOPEXPOSEIDON,
JASON-1 and
JASON-2 were
downloaded from the Radar Altimetry Database System RADS, rads.tudelft.nl. This online database is maintained by
the Delft Institute of Earth-Oriented Space Research DEOS of the Delft University of Technology RADS, rads.tudelft.nl.
The records downloaded cover the period from 1991 to 2010. Corrections applied Trisirisatayawong, Naeije, Simons,
Fenoglio-Marc,
2011 include
dry troposphere,
wet troposphere, ionosphere, dynamic atmosphere, ocean tide, load
tide, solid earth tide and pole tide sea state bias. Reference frame biases and altimeter land flags based on a 2’ x 2’ mask
were also applied. The DNSC08 was used as the mean sea surface.
Tide gauge records were also obtained from the Oceanography Division of the National Mapping and Resource Information
Authority NAMRIA. Records from the Manila South Harbor, La Union, Subic Bay, Currimao, Puerto Princesa and
Occidental Mindoro stations were included in the evaluation of Mean Sea Level MSL.
2.3
Socioeconomic Data Gathering
A 3-page questionnaire was distributed to selected households in the study area. The questionnaires include inquiries about
population, education, primary sources of income, migration, flooding history, typhoon frequency, property damage after
©WorldView-2 Image 2010, DigitalGlobe
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August – 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
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typhoon and flooding events, repair of properties and environmental awareness.
These questions aim to collect demographics data and information based on experience since most of the residents
have been living in the area for generations Mimura, 1999 to fill in the gaps needed to conduct an in-depth vulnerability
assessment. 2.4
Detailed Coastal Topography
The DLR Earth Observation Center released the digital elevation models DEMs generated from the X-band data of
the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM. A pixel of this DEM approximately corresponds to an area of 25 m x 25 m on
the ground. The elevation values are provided with an elevation accuracy of about 1 meter. The horizontal accuracy is
±20 m abs. ±15 m rel., both 90 CE and the vertical accuracy is ±16 m abs. ±6 m rel., both 90 LE DLRASI,
2011. To further improve the vulnerability assessment, profiles of the
structures along the coast were obtained by conducting terrestrial laser scanning surveys using Leica ScanStation 2 at
specific segments of the study area. Bathymetry data will be extracted from the WorldView-2
image of Bolinao, Pangasinan taken last March 2010. According to some studies Lee, Kim, Olsen, Kruse, 2011;
Madden, 2011, the Yellow and Green bands can provide the best bathymetric data for a depth range of 2.5
– 20 meters.
2.5 Data Integration in ArcGIS
