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CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter discusses important information of the sources. The presented sources are the most relevant ones. This provides a handy guide to the
research topic. Hence, comprehending the knowledge is essential.
2.1 Previous Research
Collecting both the available opinion and the theory related to the problem to discuss is a must. Then, the most relevant theory to solve the problem has to be
compared and chosen. Hence, knowing both the goodness and the weakness of the theories is an obligation. Thus, these are the previous researches in the last
five years concerned with the problem to discuss and the theoretical framework.
xix Firstly, in 2013, Matthew Evans has written
The Author and the Princess –An Example of Critical Discourse Analysis. He has analyzed articles
on the nineteenth of February 2013 from two British newspapers. One has been published in the tabloid The Daily Mail while the other has been in The
Independent. Previously, novelist Hilary Mantel has given a speech for a London Review of Books lecture at the British Museum on the fourth of
February. In her Royal Bodies lecture, Mantel has told the nature of British monarchy, Kate Middleton s role as the wife of the heir to the throne, and
media s treatment of Middleton. Later, newspapers have reported comments about Middleton and her portrayal in the press. However, several reports
have focused on unfavourable things which Mantel has told about Middleton. Thus, outrage has existed. The controversy in these two articles has been
biased against Mantel. In his analysis, formal grammar acts as the tool. Matthew Evans has
utilized naming to see the contents of noun phrases. The naming of Hilary Mantel and Kate Middleton indicates to whom the readers had to sympathise.
The Daily Mail has named Mantel by surname while Middleton by forename to make the readers feel closer. Besides, The Independent has added the title
Ms to Mantel with certain connotation. Then, the negative adjectives and verbs have referred to Mantel. Additionally, creative oppositions have been
played. Both subjects have been placed nearby among sentences while describing each action. Propositions as contrasting have been also used.
Finally, The Mail has quoted Mantel s direct speech frequently. However, the
articles have showed the kinds of Middleton s acts. This means that Middleton has been more acceptable.
xx Furthermore, in 2012, Minavere vera Bardici has written A Discourse
Analysis of the Media Representation of Social Media for Social Change – the
Case of Egyptian Revolution and Political Change. She has analyzed social media technologies such as Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. She has proved
that power is productive and it has constitutive force. These have emerged transformation in human and social communication. The result has been
dynamics for public mobilization. She has looked for the practices of power as the force, rhetoric, and framing. She has also quoted credible sources as
the proofs. Again, both researches, Evans and vera Bardici s, are related to
Discourse Analysis. However, the applied linguistic tools are different as well
as the context of the objects. Thus, in this study, I have payed more attention
to the grammatical phenomena. This contributes to the pattern constructing the relation between the power and bias. Then, transitivity and the
development of it, appraisal framework, are used to see the pattern.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
Kategori