11 “At this festive season of the year, Mr. Scrooge,‟ said the
gentleman, taking up a pen, „it is more than usually desirablethat we should make some slight provision for the
Poor and Destitute, who suffer greatly at the present time. Many thousands are in want of common necessaries;
hundreds of thousands are in want of common comforts, sir.‟„Are there no prisons?‟ asked Scrooge.„Plenty of
prisons,‟ said the gentleman, laying down thepen again.„And the Union workhouses?‟ demanded Scrooge. „Are theystill
in operation?”
ACC, 1843: 7
d. Cultural Aspect
The country in the world has a culture, and each country is different. Such as in London, it has so many cultures such as,
music, dance, architecture, clothes, and etc. Every country and every people has own way to celebrate that moment. Many
people who celebrate with party, dinner and pray in the Church,
visit the family and etc.
“Nephew” returned the uncle sternly, „keep Christmas inyour own way, and let me keep it in mine.‟„Keep it‟
repeated Scrooge‟s nephew. „But you don‟t keepit.‟ ACC, 1843: 6
e. Religious Aspect
The majority realigy in England is Christianity.Besides, the people celebrate Christmas moment gladnessitywith their
family and friends. But any people still works in Christmas day. He is Ebenezer Scrooge. He hate Christmas, for him
Christmas is humbug. He didn‟t go to the Church for pray, he
keep work to get much money.
“A merry Christmas, uncle God save you‟ cried a cheerful voice. It was the voice of Scrooge‟s nephew, who came
upon him so quickly that this was the first intimation he had ofhis approach.„Bah‟ said Scrooge, „Humbug‟„Christmas a
12 humbug, uncle‟ said Scrooge‟s nephew. „You don‟t mean
that, I am sure?‟„I do,‟ said Scrooge.” ACC, 1843: 5
f. Science and Technology Aspect
The traditional transportation in London in 1843 arecab and cart. Cab is one of the traditional transportation that pulled by
horses. The driver of cab saton back of the horses. Back of the driver is close cart usually consist of two or three peoples. Until
now, cab still use to take the passengers and goods. Usually peoples in London take the goods by cart. Cart is a kind of
traditional transportation too, to take the goods or people more than two.
“They walked along the road, Scrooge recognising everygate, and post, and tree; until a little market-town
appeared in the distance, with its bridge, its church, and winding river. Some shaggy ponies now were seen trotting
towards them with boys upon their backs, who called to other boysin country gigs and carts, driven by farmers. All
these boyswere in great spirits, and shouted to each other, until thebroad fields were so full of merry music, that the
crisp air laughed to hear it.” ACC, 1843: 21
3. Discussion
After analyzing the structural elements of the novel
A Christmas Carol,
the researcher continues the study for the next step that is the discussion. It is the way to relate all elements one to another and to put
them into a unity
A Christmas Carol
. It is a work of fiction. It is written by Charles Dickens, and published in 1843. Dickens tries to
show the readers that characteristic and attitude can be changed by the way and time certainly. In this novel, the transformational of Scrooge
by the three spirit guides, along with each of their tales, carry out a thematic function the Ghost of Christmas Past, with his glowing head,
represents memory; the Ghost of Christmas Present represents charity,
