Fathonah, 2013 A Study On The Nomunalisations In Polytechnic Students Texts
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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- Procedure Text is a piece of text containing factual article, giving
instructions or a sequence of steps to follow eg. instructions, directions, rules and recipes for making or doing something. The structure of the text
consists of social pupose, a list of materials or equipment needed for completing the procedure, and some steps. Butt et al., 2006; Droga et al.,
2011; Anderson et al., 2003. - Unpacking means rewording. Droga Humphrey 2011 mention that the
term currently used for rewording in this direction – from metaphorical to
congruent – is unpacking. Unpacking grammatical metaphor means
suggesting what the congruent realisation of the same meaning might have
been. For example:
Recognising that war at any level can be won or lost, ..... We must recognise that war at any level can be won or lost.
- Level of understanding refers to levels i.e. low, medium, or high of
understanding on nominalisation realised in a text among Polytechnic students. It is resulted by categorising the data from an English test.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
There is a limitation in the study of portraying the capacity of Polytechnic students in understanding on nominalisations realised in scientific text. The
limitation is in term of the research instrument. In Test 2, that is an essay test, the students were instructed to write Procedure Text. Within this text type,
instructions or commands are usually found. These constructions use verbs. Nevertheless, by using this text type the students still have some possibilities to
realise nominalisations. The imperative sentences do not limit the students to use nominalisations, because after the verb, in other part of the sentence,
nominalisations can still be used. The following example is taken from the student‟s text Text 5, clause 6, in which the underlined word is nominalisation:
Press the Emergency Stop button to terminate all operations.
Fathonah, 2013 A Study On The Nomunalisations In Polytechnic Students Texts
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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1.8 Organisation of the Thesis
The five chapters of this thesis will be respectively presented as follows.
Chapter One discusses the introduction, covering its background, its scope,
research questions, purposes, significance of the study, some previous studies on nominalisations, definitions of key terms, limitation of the study, and organisation
of the thesis. Chapter Two includes review of related literatures concerning to
the manifestation of nominalisations in written texts. It will elaborate definitions, realisation, formings, types, functions, nominalisation suffixes and the effects of
nominalisation in academic texts. Chapter Three presents the methodology of
conducting this study. It includes three sections: Research Design, Data Collection, and Data Analysis. The first describes the nature of research design
characterising this study, research site and participants. The second does not only mentions the techniques of data collection, including English Tests 1 and 2, and
some interviews to some participants, but also the comprehensive procedure of collecting data. The last reveals the methods of data analysis including data
analysis framework, based on a taxonomy of metaphor proposed by Halliday
1998. In Ravelli Ellis, 2004. Chapter Four presents and discusses the data
resulted from two English tests and interview. There are three main findings, each of which is elaborated individually. It is followed by its argumentation based on
theoretical aspects elaborated in chapter two and practical aspect experienced by the researcher, and some interview sessions to some participants representing low,
medium, and high achievers. Chapter Five will close this thesis. It provides some
research findings, conclusions and recommendations for the stakeholders who are in charge of developing the educational results, and for other researchers
intending to do future study of the similar topic.
Fathonah, 2013 A Study On The Nomunalisations In Polytechnic Students Texts
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter elaborates the methods used in this study, including Research Design, Data Collection, and Data Analysis. The discussion on the Research
Design includes the nature of qualitative research, its characteristics and the reasons of choosing qualitative research. The Data Collection section reveals the
participants and the research setting, the methods of collecting data, consisting of two kinds of tests and interviews, and the procedures of collecting data. The Data
Analysis presents the discussion of identifying and classifying nominalisations in order to see nominalisation suffixes, the number and the types of nominalisation
realised in students‟ texts.
3.1 Research Design
This study is practising qualitative research in which
“the researcher might seek to describe or explain what is happening within a smaller gr
oup of people” Dawson, 2005:48. It is believed that in qualitative research, meaning is socially
constructed. The research focus is on the participants – how participants
experience and interact with a phenomenon at a given point in time and in particular context Croker as cited in Heigham et al., 2009.
In this study, the researcher describes the phenomena of understanding and realising nominalisation among 20 students. The focus of investigation is on
how those Polytechnic students practice nominalisation receptively and productively.
In addition, qualitative research focuses on understanding the process of what is going on in a setting by trying to understand how the gains were made.
Qualitative research is not defined by a particular set of research methods or techniques. It focuses on questions that examine the relationship between
Fathonah, 2013 A Study On The Nomunalisations In Polytechnic Students Texts
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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information about people‟s action and phenomena, and the settings in which they do these things Croker as cited in Heigham et al., 2009.
Moreover, Bogdam and Biklen cited in Frankle Wallen, 1996:442- 443 describe the characteristics of qualitative research, as follows:
That the nature setting is the direct resource of data, and the researcher is the key instrument in qualitative research, and that
data are collected in the forms of words rather than numbers; that qualitative researchers are concerned with process as well as
product; that qualitative researchers tend to analyse their data inductively.
This investigation is decided to conduct a qualitative case study approach. There are several reasons for choosing this research approach as mentioned by
Hood as cited in Heigham et al., 2009:68. First, the researcher has determined the students she wished to study and the contexts intented to act.
Second, the rich data, deep analysis, and the long-term contact with the cases afforded by the case study are better suited to these research interests than
quatitative methods. Third, the aim is not to generalise or to test a hypothesis, but rather to improve support and training for other students on the same campus.
Fourth, case study is popular with qualitative researchers precisely because it provides a framework for analysis such material Hood as cited in Heigham et al.,
2009. In this opportunity, the case is mainly focused on the manifestation of
nominalisations in 20 Polytechnic students‟ texts, that is Procedure Texts. Other focus is
the students‟ level of understanding nominalisations in a scientific text, copied from a scientific textbook Dieter, 1991. The framework of analysis is a
taxonomy of nominalising metaphor proposed by Halliday 1998 in Ravelli Ellis, 2004; Christie Martin, 2000.
This study is qualitative in nature, but in some of its descriptive analysis, quantitative criteria are used Croker, 2009. In Heigham et al., 2009. The
numerical data are used, but their purpose is supplementary, not central.
Fathonah, 2013 A Study On The Nomunalisations In Polytechnic Students Texts
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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3.2 Research Setting Participants
