TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
TITLE i
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF TABLE xiii
LIST OF APPENDIX xiv
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Project Abstract
2 1.3
Problem Statement 2
1.4 Project Objective
3 1.5
Scope of the Project 3
1.6 Report Outline
4
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1
Introduction of High Voltage 5
2.2 Type of high voltage
2.2.1 A.C Voltage AC 7
2.2.2 Direct current DC 7
2.2.3 Impulse 8
2.2.3.1 Objective to Using the Impulse test 9
2.2.3.2 Impulse Voltage 9
2.2.3.3 Standard Impulse Wave shape 11
2.2.3.4 Circuit for Producing Impulse waves 12
2.2.3.5 Multi stage impulse generators 14
2.2.3.6 Effect of Circuit Inductance and Series Reactance on the Impulse Generator
Circuit 18
2.2.3.7 Impulse generators for test objects with Inductance
18 2.2.4 Standard impulse
19 2.2.5 Lightning of Impulse
20 2.2.5.1 Chopped wave
21 2.2.6 Generation of Switching Surge
22 2.2.6.1 Switching Surge
23 2.2.6.2 The switching surge comes in many
different forms, and has many different sources
24 2.2.7 Safety boots as the consumers product A
24 2.2.7.1 Industrial safety boots
24 2.2.7.2 Electrical issue
25 2.2.7.3 Safety Boot Materials
25 2.2.7.4 Type of the safety boots to be put on test
26 2.2.7.5 Possible effect of Test On Safety Boots
27 2.2.8 Lightning Effect To Human
30 2.2.8.1 Mechanism of Lightning
30
3 PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
34
3.2
Research Methodology
34 3.3
Project Flowchart 35
4 SAFETY AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK
4.1 Introduction
38
4.2 Safety procedures
38 4.3
User Safety 39
4.4 Laboratory Safety
40 4.4.1 Interlock system
40 4.4.2 Equipment safety
42 4.5
Experimental Work 43
4.6 Apparatus
44 4.6.1 Operating Terminal OT276
44 4.6.2 Oscilloscope Tektronix DPO 4034
44 4.6.3 Measuring Instrument DM I551
45 4.7
Main Components 46
4.7.1 Transformer 46
4.7.2 GS HV Diode 47
4.7.3 CS Smoothing and Energy Storage Capacitor 47
4.7.4 Resistor 48
4.7.5 KF Sphere Gap 49
4.8 Testing Procedure
50 4.8.1 Impulse High Voltage Testing Procedure
53
5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
5.1 Lab Testing Result
57
5.2 Introduction
58 5.3
Testing with the test object safety boots 5.3.1 Clean condition applied
58 5.3.2 Oily condition applied
64 5.3.3 Wet condition applied
69 5.3.4 Dirty condition applied
73 5.4
Comparisons with the all condition 79
6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
80 REFERENCE
83
LIST OF FIGURES
NO TITLE
PAGES CHAPTER 2
2.1 Wave Shape for Voltage Impulse Test
9 2.2
Voltages Impulse Test Standard Circuit 12
2.3 A typical four stage impulse generator circuit
15
2.4 Multistage Max generator
16 2.5
Lightning impulse 20
2.6 Chopped in the tail Impulse wave
21 2.7
Chopped in the front impulse wave 21
2.8 Surge generator
22 2.9
Switching impulse 23
2.10 Dual density polyurethane sole, non-metal composite toecap and
non-metal composite midsole. 26
2.11 TMC Hisafe Products
26 2.12
Tracking on the safety boot surface 28
2.13 Burning hole to the safety boot surface
29 2.14
Structure of moisture 31
2.15 Differential rate of mass expansion
31 2.16
Typical Structure of a thunderstorm 2.17
Induced Lightning Charges on Transmission line 322.18 Propagation of Lightning Channel
33
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Flowchart of Research Methodology
35
CHAPTER 4
4.1 Sign of high voltage
39 4.2
Experimental Environment for interlock system 41
4.3 schematic design for interlock system
41 4.4
Block diagram for Impulse voltage generators 43
4.5 Operation Terminal OT276
44 4.6
Oscilloscope Tektronix DPO 4034 45
4.7 Measuring Instrument DM I551
45 4.8
Single Phase Ac Voltage Test Transformer 46
4.9 GS HV Diode
47 4.10
CS Capacitor 48
4.11 RE Parallel wave tail resistor
49 4.12
KF Sphere Gap 49
4.13 Impulse configuration Circuit for object test safety boots
50 4.14
Impulse configuration Circuit for object test safety boots 50
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Measuring Equipments
57 5.2
Tripped value and Impulse voltage waveform for 5kV 58
5.3 Tripped value and Impulse voltage waveform for 10kV
59 5.4
Tripped value and Impulse voltage waveform for 15kV 59
5.5 Tripped value and Impulse voltage waveform for 20kV
60 5.6
Tripped value and Impulse voltage waveform for 25kV 60
5.7 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 30kV
61 5.8
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 35kV 61
5.9 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 40kV
62 5.10
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 45kV 62
5.11 Graph voltage breakdown kv vs distance for clean condition
63 5.12
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 5kV 64
5.13 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 10kV
65 5.14
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 15kV 65
5.15 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 20kV
66 5.16
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 25kV 66
5.17 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 30kV
67 5.18
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 35kV 67
5.19 Graph voltage breakdown kv vs distance for oily condition
68 5.20
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 5kV 69
5.21 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 10kV
70 5.22
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 15kV 70
5.23 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 20kV
71 5.24
Graph voltage breakdown kv vs distance for wet condition 71
5.25 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 5kV
73 5.26
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 10kV 74
5.27 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 15kV
74 5.28
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 20kV 75
5.29 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 25kV
75 5.30
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 30kV 76
5.31 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 35kV
76 5.32
Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 40kV 77
5.33 Tripped value Impulse voltage waveform for 45kV
77 5.34
Graph voltage breakdown kv vs distance for dirty condition 78
5.35 Graph voltage breakdown kV vs test object conditions
79
LIST OF TABLES
NO TITLE
PAGES
2.1 International standard rated operation line to line
voltage levels 6
4.1 Types of safety boots condition
52 4.2 Distance cm applied to sphere gap calculation
55
LIST OF APPENDICES
NO TITLE
PAGES
1 Space gap
84 2
Stage for impulse test configuration 84
3 Sphere gap
85 4
GS HV Diode 85
5 CS Capacitor
86 6
RE Parallel wave tail resistor 86
7 Single Phase Ac Voltage Test Transformer
87 8
Clean condition safety boot testing 87
9 Oily condition safety boot testing
88 10
Wet condition safety boot testing 88
11 Dirty condition safety boot testing
89 12
Impulse Voltage test 90
13 Impulse voltage test testing
91
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
