4.3.3 Result for Case 2-3 4.3.4 Result for Case 2-4
4.3.5 Result for Case 2-5 4.4 Discussions
64 67
70 73
76 79
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
81 5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation For Future Study
81 82
REFERRENCE
83
BIBLIOGRAPHY
84
APPENDICES
85
. LIST OF TABLES
NO. TITLE
PAGE
2.1 Ball Joint Pivot Locations
5 2.2
Material mechanical properties 16
3.1 Model parts weight characteristics
31 3.2
force acting on Strut Mount 33
3.3 force acting on Lower Ball Joint
33 3.4
force acting on steering arm 33
3.5 force acting on Strut Mount
34 3.6
force acting on Lower Ball Joint 34
3.7 force acting on steering arm
34 3.8
Measured signal 35
4.1 Result for case 1-1
50 4.2
Result for case 1-2 52
4.3 Result for case 1-3
56 4.4
Result for case 1-4 59
4.5a Result for case 1-5
62 4.5b
Result for case 1-5 63
4.6 Result for case 2-1
66
4.7 Result for case 2-2
69 4.7
Result for case 2-3 72
4.8 Result for case 2-4
75 4.9
Result for case 2-5 78
LIST OF FIGURES
NO. TITLE
PAGE
2.1 Toyota Camry Steering Knuckle
5 2.2
General arrangement of a steering system 6
2.3 MacPherson strut suspension on the left front wheel
7 2.4
Front axle 8
2.5 Elliot axle
9 2.6
Steering knuckle with reverse elliot axle 9
2.7 Hub fitted with Stub Axle
10 2.8
Front Drive Component 11
2.9 Steering knuckle
11 2.10
Double Wishbone suspension 12
2.11 Typical fracture for steel forged steering knuckle
13 2.12
Fracture surface of the forged steel steering knuckle 14
2.13 SOLIDWorks interface
20 2.14
Example of fatigue analysis using COSMOSWorks 20
2.15 An overview of the FEA based fatigue environment
23 3.1
Flow Chart of Methodology 25
3.2 Point of acting load
26
3.3 Force and moment that applied on steering knuckle
27 3.4
Toyota Camry 98 28
3.5 Toyota Camry 98’s Steering Knuckle
29 3.6
Digital caliper 30
3.7 Discrete road force
32 3.8
periodic road force 32
3.9 Catia interface
36 3.10
Drafting drawing 37
3.11 Steps i of COSMOSWorks analysis
38 3.12
Steps ii of COSMOSWorks analysis 38
3.13 Steps iii of COSMOSWorks analysis
39 3.14
Steps iv of COSMOSWorks analysis 39
3.15 Steps v of COSMOSWorks analysis
40 3.16
Steps vi of COSMOSWorks analysis 40
3.17 Steps vii of COSMOSWorks analysis
41 3.18
Steps viii of COSMOSWorks analysis 41
3.19 Steps ix of COSMOSWorks analysis
42 3.20
Steps xof COSMOSWorks analysis 43
3.21 Steps xi of COSMOSWorks analysis
43 3.22
Steps xii of COSMOSWorks analysis 44
3.23 Steps xiii of COSMOSWorks analysis
44 3.24
Steps xiv of COSMOSWorks analysis 45
3.25 Steps xv of COSMOSWorks analysis
46 4.1
Stress Analysis result for case 1-1 48
4.2 Displacement Analysis result for case 1-1
48 4.3
Strain Analysis result for case 1-1 49
4.4a Stress Analysis result for case 1-2
51 4.4b
Stress Analysis result for case 1-2 51
4.5 Displacement Analysis result 1-2
52 4.6
Strain Analysis result for case 1-2 52
4.7 Stress Analysis result for case 1-3
54 4.8
Strain Analysis result for case 1-3 55
4.9 Stress Analysis result for case 1-4
57 4.10
Displacement Analysis result for case 1-4 57
4.11 Strain Analysis result for case 1-4
58 4.12
Stress Analysis result for case 1-5 60
4.13 Displacement Analysis result for case 1-5
60 4.14
Strain Analysis result for case 1-5 61
4.15 Stress Analysis result for case 2-1
64 4.16
Displacement Analysis result for case 2-1 64
4.17 Strain Analysis result for case 2-1
65
4.18 Stress Analysis result for case 2-2
67 4.19
Displacement Analysis result for case 2-2 67
4.20 Strain Analysis result for case 2-2
68 4.21
Stress Analysis result for case 2-3 70
4.22 Displacement Analysis result for case 2-3
70 4.23
Strain Analysis result for case 2-3 71
4.24 Stress Analysis result for case 2-4
73 4.25
Displacement Analysis result for case 2-4 73
4.26 Strain Analysis result for case 2-4
74 4.27
Stress Analysis result for case 2-5 76
4.28 Displacement Analysis result for case 2-5
76 4.29
Strain Analysis result for case 2-5 77
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
