viii
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Summary of Literature Review
29
4.1 Time study data collection for Final Assembly
40 4.1.1 Assembly Process Descriptions
41 4.2
Machine Section and Name 46
4.3 Performance Rating for each workers
49 4.4
The Allowance of the Process 50
4.5 The Normal Time and Standard Time
51 4.6
VA and NVA Category 54
4.7 After New Process Network Diagram Improvement 60
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Frederick Winslow Taylor
6 2.2
Bethlehem Steel Works 9
2.3 Henry Laurence Gantt
10 2.4
Harrington Emerson 10
2.5 Ralph Mosser Barnes
11 2.6
Continuous Stopwatch 13
2.7 Snapback Stopwatch
14 2.8
MTM Stopwatch 15
2.9 Digital Stopwatch
17 2.10
Digital Stopwatch 17
2.11 Computerized Electronic Timer
18 2.12
Video Recorder 19
2.13 Video Recorder
19 2.14
Video Recorder 19
2.15 Video Recorder
19
3.1 PSM 1 Flow Chart
32 3.2
PSM 2 Flow Chart 34
3.3 Time Study Flow Chart
36
4.1 Assembly Process Flow Chart
44 4.2
Machine Section 45
4.3 Graph of Assembly Process Comparison 52
4.4 Graph of Value added and Non-value added Comparison 56
4.5 Network Diagram of Initial Process Flow 57
4.6 Network Diagram of Initial Electrical Plate Mounting Process 58
4.7 After Developing New Network Diagram 59
4.8 Graph Before Network Process Improvement 62
x 4.9 Graph After Network Process Improvement
63 4.10 Lead Time Graph Comparison
64 4.11 Network Process Before Overall Improvement
65 4.12 Network Process After Overall Improvement
65 4.13 Graph of Overall Reduction in Lead Time
65 4.14 Warehouse inventory management and JIT system
68
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
PSM –
Projek Sarjana Muda WIP
– Work in progress
MTM –
Methods Time Measurement TMU
– Time Measurement Unit
MOST –
Maynard Operation Sequence Techniques DS
– Die Sorting
VA -
Value Added NVA
– Non-Value Added
JIT - Just In Time
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
A general study of an industrial organization for productivity improvement and cost reduction can be described in term of the Time Study application. A sense of
employee involvement in work system is considered as the major affects in done the job with easier and faster. Basically the measurement of work can be using Time
Study which divided into few techniques. The way how does the measurement can be applied is based on stop watch, computer software and video recording. In term of
applying Time Study in a production system, there are some task to be studied before proceed to time observation. The tasks that need to determined are such as the
process of work elements, job order or work standard and part of jobs. In another word, Time Study determined the time systems, standard data and work sampling
that used for measuring work in organization. Time Study used to require the time of a qualified and well trained employee who work at a normal pace to do a specific
task. Developments in Time Study are taking place with rapid changes to concern with design of work systems and methods.
2
1.2 Problem Statement
Kategori