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According to the facts above, the writer is interested in conducting a classroom action research by using teacher’s feedback in order to improve the student’s grammar mastery of the
eleventh grade of IPA 4 students of SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta.
B. Problem Statement
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Based on the description in the background of the study and the fact in the 11
th
grade of IPA 4 students of SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta in 2009-2010 academic year. The writer finds some
problems arising which are identified as in the following. 1. Does and to what extent teacher’s feedback improve the students’ grammar mastery of
the eleventh grade of IPA 4 of SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta? 2. What are the strengths and the weaknesses of teacher’s feedback?
C. The Objective of the Research
Based on the formulation of the problem, the general objective of this research is to improve students’ grammar mastery by using teacher’s feedback. Particularly, this research is
aimed to find out:
1. Whether teacher’s feedback can effectively improve the grammar mastery of the eleventh grade of IPA 4 students of SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta.
2. The strengths and weaknesses of teacher’ feedback.
D. The Benefit of The Study
This research hopefully will give some contributions to the process of English teaching. There are some expected benefits of the study for the English teacher and students.
1. For the English teacher
It will hopefully make teacher a. know the contribution of feedback to the students’ error so that the teacher realizes
and is able to find the way to overcome the problems concerning the students’ errors. b. apply the error correction feedback on students’ composition
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2. For the students It may enable students to
a. identify kinds of errors in their composition. b. correct their errors in their composition.
c. be more confident to write with good grammar.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED THEORIES
A. Grammar 1. The Meaning of Grammar
According to Richards, Platt, Heidi 1987:161, grammar is defined as a set of rules and lexicon that describes a knowledge competence of which a speaker has of his or her language.
In other point of view, they also defined grammar as follows: Grammar is description of the structure of the language and the way in which linguistics units such as words and phrases are
combined to produce sentences in the language. It may not include the description of the sounds of a language.
Brown 1994:347 has the same idea about grammar. He states that grammar is a system of rules governing the conventional arrangement and relationship of words in a sentence.
Widdowson 1990: 84 says grammar is the name we gave to the knowledge of how words are adopted and arranged to form sentences. Another linguist, Ur 1984:4 defines grammar is the
way words are put together to make correct sentences. The need of language learner to learn grammar is essential, since the grammar is the central part of language. Each language has a
highly complex system that differs from language to language, that is why language is different. Therefore, grammar is very important for one who wants to study language.
Another definition comes from Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary that defines grammar as the study or the science of rules of the combination of words into sentences syntax
and the forms of words morphology. This definition is supported by Lock 1997:4 who states that grammar is viewed as the study of the syntax-how the words are combined to form a
meaningful sentences, and morphology- the system of rules that cover the formation of words.
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While, Penny Ur in another book 1998:4 tells that grammar may be roughly defined as the way a language manipulates and combines words in order to form larger units of meaning.
Those definitions view grammar not only on the forms of the rules of language, but also on the meaning. Based on the definitions above, the writer can conclude that grammar is a study
of language rules as the way how language constructs and combines words and how words are arranged to form larger unit of meaning. In conclusion, grammar is defined as the description of
language rules dealing with the forms and the structure of words morphology and arrangement of phrases and sentences syntax and includes how to the larger meaning is formed.
2. The Scope of Grammar
In this chapter, the writer tries to present the scope of grammar proposed by some linguists. Chomsky in Crystal, 1997: 88 divides grammar into three aspects namely phonology
and semantics, and syntax as the more specific notion.
Grammar
Phonology syntax
semantics
A diagram of grammar’s aspects by Chomsky
Meanwhile, Joseph and Droste 1991: 6 point out that grammar covers three distinctive aspects. They are syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Based on Lock idea, grammar is a set of
rules, which specify all the possible grammatical structures of the language. It includes two aspects: 1 the arrangement of words and 2 the internal structures of word 1997:1. It is
supported by Thornbury 2001: 2 who states that grammar is conventionally seen as the study of the syntax and morphology of sentences.
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In his study, the writer prefers to discuss the scope of grammar involving morphology and syntax.
A. Morphology
