Pritz Hutabarat, 2015 A Full Immersion Program: The Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions and Its Impact on Student’s Sense of
Nationalism
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia |
\.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
Based on the classifications of case studies from Merriam, this research can be categorized as an evaluative case study because in this study the researcher describes and
explains the positive and negative implications of the implementation of full immersion programs as it is perceived by the involved teachers, students, parents and administrators
Merriam, 1998, p. 26. Stake 1995 on the other hand identifies this kind of study as an intrinsic case study as it aims to understand the particular pre-selected case in question Stake,
1995, pp. 450-452. The case being investigated in this study is the implementation of a full immersion program in senior high school at a national school in Indonesia.
3.2 Triangulation
The research design of this study is a combined one, primarily because of the fact that two distinct data collection methods have been employed in the overall design. As is explained in
full in the following sections of this chapter, for data-gathering, two data collection methods have been used; both questionnaire survey and interview. These strategies are associated with
two distinct paradigms, quantitative and qualitative respectively. Thus, in searching for the answers to the research questions of the present study, two strategies have been mixed. Social
sciences research literature abounds in combinations of mixing data collection strategies within a large range of studies. The concept of triangulation was introduced first by Denzin, defined as
“combination of methodologies in the study of the same phenomena” Payne D. A., 1994, p. 125. Creswell cited Jick mentions that the purpose of triangulation was to neutralize any bias
inherent in particular data sources, investigators and methods. Both “within method” or “between method” approaches can be drawn upon for a combined method study. In the former, different
types of quantitative data collection strategies might be employed e. g, a survey and an experiment, whereas in the latter qualitative and quantitative data collection strategies e.g.
survey and in-depth interview might be involved Creswell, 1994, pp. 63-68. Triangulation is often presented as a means of addressing qualitativequantitative differences. Various types of
triangulation are described in the literature: data, investigator, theoretical, methodological Mitchell 1986, Duffy 1987, Sohier 1988, Denzin 1989; unit of analysis Kimchi et al.1991;
interdisciplinary triangulation Janesick 1994; triangulation of communication skills Begley
Pritz Hutabarat, 2015 A Full Immersion Program: The Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions and Its Impact on Student’s Sense of
Nationalism
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia |
\.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
1996a; conceptual triangulation Foster 1997; and collaborative triangulation Tobin Begley, 2004, pp. 388-396.
In this study, as is shown in figure 3.1, the triangulation used is methodological triangulation as it utilizes three data collection methods namely questionnaire, interview and
observation and is applied to improve the validity of the results of data analysis process. With regard to the data sources, two groups were involved: students and teachers. Both types of data
were collected from each group via self-designed instruments. The instruments consisted of a survey questionnaire, interview protocols, and unstructured observations. The former contained
Likert scales as well as categorical and numeric items, which gave quantifiable data. The pilot study also comprised qualitative and quantitative procedures that involved validity and reliability
check. In terms of data analysis, descriptive statistics was used in connection with the scales, all of which are quantitative procedures. As for the analysis of interviews and observation field
notes, a qualitative procedure, content analysis was employed.
Figure 3.1 Research Design
Questionnaire • 59 students
• 10 teachers Interview
• 6 students • 4 teachers
Observation • Unstructured
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Pritz Hutabarat, 2015 A Full Immersion Program: The Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions and Its Impact on Student’s Sense of
Nationalism
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia |
\.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
1.3 Participants
