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7. Intrapersonal Intelligence This intelligence deals with personal activities. Teachers may ask the learners create a
thing that they are interested in, drawing a picture to express their feeling, and coloring pictures to show what they feel.
3. Perception and Perception Process
Perception is the process whereby one becomes aware of the world around oneself Kemp and Smellie, 1989. In perception we use our sense to catch objects
and event. Through our senses, such as eyes, ears, skin, and so on, we maintain contact with our environment.
Kemp and Smellie 1989 also provide to major importance of perception. First, any perceptual event consists of many sensory massages that do not occur in
isolation but are related and combined into complex patterns. These become the basis of person’s knowledge of the world. Second, an individual reacts to only a small part
of all that is taking place at any one instance. The part of an event to be experienced is selected by a person on the basis of desire or what attract his or her attention at any
one time Kemp and Smellie, 1989. Kemp and Smellie 1989 argue that the experience of perception is individual
and unique. The perception of two different people will not similar because a person perceives an event in terms of individual past experiences, present motivation, and
present circumstances. Additionally, they state that while any one perceptual experience is uniquely individual, a series of perception by different persons can be
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related to become nearly identical. Thus a succession of individual experiences enables us to agree upon what we have experienced, even though the individual
experiences are somewhat different. Fleming and Levie 1978 mention the basic principles of perception. First,
perception is relative rather than absolute since it provides reference points to which unknown objects or events can be related and it also presents a difficult concept
through small steps. Second, perception is selective, since it will limit the range of aspects being presented to essential factors. Third, perception is organized. It uses
numbering and verbal clues to give order to a massage. Forth, perception is influenced by expectation. It provides instructions that call attention to elements or
directions for finding an answer in an illustration. Fleming and Levie 1978 also state the relation between perception and
cognition. The better an object or event is perceived by means of applying the perception principles, the more feasible and reliable will be memory, concept
formation, problem solving, creativity, and attitude change. Perception is also defined as an active process of selecting, organizing, and
interpreting their sensory impression in order to give meaning to their environment Robbins, 2001: Huffman, Vernoy Vernoy, 2002 together with his experiences,
motivation, and attitudes Suparinah, 1986. There are three basic perceptual processes based on Huffman, Vernoy Vernoy 2002. The first basic perceptual
process is selection. Every person may select certain stimuli as incoming information of an object or event and the stimuli may be different from one to another. In this
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case, motivation, personal needs, and interests have a role in selecting stimuli. The second basic perceptual process is organization. In order to form a meaningful
pattern, the selecting stimuli should be organized. The last basic perceptual process is interpreting. After selecting stimuli and organized it into pattern, then make an
interpretation. Interpretation is influenced by some factors; they are life experiences, perceptual expectation, cultural factors, and personal motivations, needs, and interests
Huffman, Vernoy Vernoy, 2002; Bootzin, Loftus Zajonc, 1979 After selecting certain stimuli, someone can organize then interpret the stimuli
meaningfully. Furthermore, as the response of the stimuli, people will react to the stimuli in the form of behavioral response or attitudes whether the response is
negative or positive.
B. Theoretical Framework
Pictures have been implemented as media in teaching and learning process. The presence of pictures can help the teachers in creating a joyful atmosphere in the
classroom, especially for young learners. Based on the School Based Curriculum’s socialization, English learning for elementary school should be active, creative,
effective and joyful learning. Besides, pictures are also believed as effective media in helping the children in learning things. According to Pieget, children at the age of 7-
11 years old are categorizing in the concrete levels Clarke, 1985 in which children can solve problem in a concrete way. On the other hand, Hamalik 1994 states one of
the reasons in choosing pictures as media in teaching that is the level of pictures’
