8.3 7.7 BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)

I V . Pa r e n t s’ Pe r ce pt ion s Of Ex pe r ie n ce s Th a t I n flu e n ce Socia l, Em ot ion a l, a n d Cogn it iv e Ch ild D e v e lopm e n t This r esear ch exam ines par ent s’ per cept ions of fact or s t hat influence young childr en’s social, em ot ional, and cognit ive developm ent . The good new s is t hat effor t s over t he year s t o help infor m par ent s’ under st anding of child developm ent and t he exper iences t hat play a posit ive r ole in fost er ing healt hy gr ow t h m ay be pay ing off. How ever , t her e also ar e indicat ions t hat t hese effor t s m ay not be r eaching all par ent s. This m ay be due t o t he fact t hat t his infor m at ion is not r eadily available, or because t he infor m at ion par ent s do r eceive is not consist ent w it h t heir fam ily’s cult ur al beliefs or values. While t his r esear ch does not shed light on w hy t hese differ ences exist , it does indicat e t hat t her e is addit ional w or k t o be done t o im pr ove out r each and dialogue on t he exper iences t hat influence child developm ent w it h som e par ent s. U n d e rs t an d in g O f Exp e r ie n ce s T h a t F o st e r S o cia l Em o t io n a l D ev elo p m e n t 25 41 42 46 53 52 55 Majo r influence 10 rating on 10-point scale Strong influence 8-9 ratings Perceived influence of activities on supporting social and emotional development of children ages birth to three Setting and enforcing rules Playinginteracting with other children Comforting when child is upset Establishing routines Talking about feelings with child Encouraging child to keep working at difficult tasks Following child’s lead during play 85 84 83 79 71 71 61 Mean rating 8.9 8.8 8.8

8.6 8.3

8.3 7.7

A significant m aj or it y of par ent s under st and t hat t he follow ing exper iences have a st r ong or m aj or influence on helping a child t o develop socially and em ot ionally: 4 ƒ Set t ing and enfor cing r ules 85 , ƒ Giving a child oppor t unit ies t o play and int er act w it h ot her childr en 84 , ƒ Com for t ing a child w hen upset 83 , 4 Using a 10- point scale, par ent s w er e asked t o r at e t he influence of a num ber of act ivit ies on helping a child age bir t h t o t hr ee t o develop socially, em ot ionally, and cognit ively 10 m eans a m aj or influence and one m eans lit t le or no influence . ƒ Page 18 ƒ Est ablishing r out ines 79 , ƒ Talking about feelings w it h a child 71 , ƒ Encour aging a child t o keep w or king on a difficult t ask 71 . Differ ences exist am ong var ious par ent subgr oups in t heir per cept ion of t he im por t ance of t hese ear ly exper iences. ƒ Mot her s ar e subst ant ially m or e likely t han fat her s t o believe t hat t hese ex per iences hav e a st r ong or m aj or influence on t he social and em ot ional developm ent of a young child. ƒ Par ent s w it h m ult iple childr en ar e m or e likely t o indicat e t he im por t ance of m any of t he exper iences set t ing and enfor cing r ules, com for t ing a child w hen upset , and est ablishing r out ines . ƒ Whit e par ent s ar e m or e likely t han t heir Afr ican- Am er ican or Hispanic count er par t s t o ident ify set t ing and enfor cing r ules, com for t ing a child w hen upset , and encour aging a child t o keep w or king at a difficult t ask as st r ong or m aj or influences. ƒ Afr ican- Am er ican par ent s ar e less lik ely t han t heir w hit e or Hispanic count er par t s t o ident ify est ablishing r out ines and t alking about feelings as hav ing a st r ong or m aj or influence on t he social and em ot ional developm ent of a young child. U n d e rst a n d in g O f Ex pe rie n ces T h at Fo st er So cia l Em ot io n a l D e ve lop m en t Perceptions Vary Among Subgroups rating each as a majorstrong influence ratings of 8, 9, 10 Setting and enforcing rules Comforting when child is upset Playinginteracting with other children Establishing routines Talking about feelings with child Encouraging child to keep working at difficult tasks Following child’s lead during play Whites 87 85 84 80 70 75 60 African Americans 77 75 79 72 65 66 59 His- panics 77 74 82 82 74 64 59 First-time parents 81 80 85 75 71 69 62 Repeat parents 86 85 84 82 71 73 61 ƒ Page 19 St r on g Un d e r st a nd in g Of Ex pe r ie n ce s Th a t Fa cilit a t e Le a r n in g 33 45 56 46 63 70 73 Majo r influence 10 rating on 10-point scale Strong influence 8-9 ratings Perceived influence of activities on helping children ages birth to three learn Reading to child Speaking to baby in main language Reading to baby in main language Playing with other children Talking to newborn Singing to baby Playing pretend with child 93 88 83 81 74 70 65 Mean rating 9.4

9.1 9.0