THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTÂ’S IQ (INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT) AND STUDENTÂ’S SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT OF TENTH GRADE AT SMA NEGERI 1 PAGAK
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S IQ (INTELLIGENCE
QUOTIENT) AND STUDENT’S SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT
OF TENTH GRADE AT SMA NEGERI 1 PAGAK
THESIS
By:
MEGA ANJARWATI
08360186
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S IQ (INTELLIGENCE
QUOTIENT) AND STUDENT’S SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT OF
TENTH GRADE AT SMA NEGERI 1 PAGAK
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
MEGA ANJARWATI
08360186
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
Motto and Dedication
MOTTO:
Create your own happiness, don t be waiting for
someone who hold your hand. It is because
nobody will create it, but you. (meggha)
This thesis is dedicated to:
My Father Yono Miharjo
My Mother Chalilah
My Brother Iwan Santoso
My Brother Suhadak Fauzi
All of My friends
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamin, the researcher expresses her highest gratitude
to Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to
complete this thesis.
Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam
who had delivered the truth to human beings in general and Muslim in particular.
In this thesis, a lot of people have provided motivation, advice, support, and
even remark that have helped the researcher. In this valuable chance, the researcher
aims to express her gratitude and appreciation to all of them.
First, the researcher also presents her sincere appreciation goes to
Dr.Masduki, M.Pd as the first advisor, who has helped, given valuable advice,
motivation, experience, encouragement to the researcher all the time of study and
analysis of this whole thesis. Then to her second advisor Drs. Imam Mahfudz as the
second advisor, who has helped her patiently to finish this thesis by giving
suggestion, guidance, and correction since the preliminary step of writing the
manuscript until the completion of this thesis. The researcher greatest thanks go to
Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum as my academic counselor that always patiently
gives support and gives me good advice.
v
Secondly, the researcher’s deepest appreciation goes to her beloved family,
especially her parents, Bapak Yono Miharjo and Ibu Cholilah, thank you so much for
your affection, advice, guidance, instruction and help in all her life, and their love
which is beyond any words. Then for her dearest brothers, Mas Iwan Santoso and
Adek Suhadak Fauzi who always give her constant encouragement and tireless
motivation.
Her thankfulness also goes to all her friends who cannot be mentioned here
one by one. Particularly her greatest thankfulness to her everlasting friend Leni,
Ceres, Idur, Cicit, Tata, Vitalis, Prita, Gank of Perum Ebong Anyar 2 Blok P23
(Dino’, A’yun, Mbak. Shasha, Noni’), Class D1 (Surya, Roro, Ima, Hana, Sisil,
Intan, Ida, Novi, Enggar, Bena, Siska, Dini, Eka, Dika, Ebi, Zaros, Luki, Deki, Fani,
Rokib, Veri, Sandy, Bryan, Angger), thank you so much for coloring her life,
cheerful days, beautiful togetherness and also unforgettable moment for all of her
life.
Finally, may Allah always bless us. Aamiin
The Researcher,
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... i
LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................ ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ........................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of The Problems ..................................................................... 4
1.3 The Purposes of The Study ..................................................................... 4
1.4 Hypothesis..................................................................................................5
1.5 Significance of The Study ....................................................................... 5
1.6 Scope And Limitation ............................................................................. 5
1.7 Definition of The Key Terms .................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Intelligence.............................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 Definition of Intelligence .............................................................. 7
2.1.2 Kinds of Intelligence ..................................................................... 8
2.2 Definition of Intelligence Quotient....................................................….. 9
2.3 Speaking ................................................................................................ 13
2.3.1 Definition of Speaking ................................................................. 13
2.3.2 Classroom Speaking Activities ..................................................... 15
2.3.4 Kinds of Speaking Performance ................................................... 16
vii
2.4 Correlation of IQ and speaking ............................................................. 17
2.5 Students’ Achievement ......................................................................... 18
2.5.1 Factor of Students’ Achievement ................................................. 19
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 22
3.2 Population and Sample ......................................................................... 22
3.3 Research Instrument .............................................................................. 24
3.4 Data Collection ..................................................................................... 25
3.5 Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings .................................................................................. 27
4.1.1 The Mean Score of the Students’ IQ and the Students’ Speaking... 27
4.1.2 Correlation between Students’ IQ and Students’ Speaking
Achievement .................................................................................... 28
4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................ 30
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 The Conclusion ........................................................................................ 32
5.2 The Suggestion ......................................................................................... 32
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
viii
REFEERENCES
Algarabel, Salvador. 2001. The Definition of Achievement and the Construction of
Tests for Its Measurement: A Review of the Main Trends. Spain: University
of Valencia.
Aliyas. 2010. Psikologi Berpikir. Komunitas Bloger Universitas Sriwijaya.
blog.unsri.ac.id/download2/14708.pdf. Accessed on Tursday, 1st November
2012. 10.30 am
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2002. Prosedur Penelitian, Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta:
PT. Rineka Cipta.
Ary, Donald. Lucy Cheser Jacobs. Asghar Razavieh. 2002. Introduction to Research
in Education. United States: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Baharuddin. 2007. Psikologi Pendidikan – Refleksi Teoretis Terhadap Fenomena.
Jogjakarta: AR-Ruzz Media.
Bloomfield, Leonard. 2005. Language. India: Motital Banarsidass.
Bogdan, Robert C. 2007. Qualitative Research for Education An Introduction to
Theory And Methods. United State: Person
Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by principles: Interacttive approach to language
Pedagogy - Second edition. New York: Pearson Education Company
Eliot, Stephen N. 2002. Educational Psycology – Effective Teaching – Effective
Learning. Third Edition. Mc.Graw Hill Companies: United States of
America.
Fontana, David. 1981. Psychology For Teachers. London: The Macmilan Press.
Fromkin, et. al. 2003. An Introduction to Language. United Stated: Wardsworth.
Fulcher, Glenn. 2003. Testing Second Language Speaking.
Licensing Agency.
London: Copyright
Harmer, Jeremy. 2002. The Practice of English Language Teaching: Third Edition.
England: Longman
Farlex. 2010. International Language. Encyclopedia. The Free Dictionary.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/International+Language.
Accessed on Sunday Oct 8th 2012. 10.22 pm
Jamridafrizal. 2009. Hubungan Iq Dengan Proses Belajar Dan Peran Intelegensi
Terhadap Prestasi Belajar. http://www.scribd.com/doc/18120676/hubunganiq-dengan-proses-belajar. Accessed on Tursday, 1st November 2012. 10.30
am
Lefrancois, Guy. R.. 2000. Psychology for teaching. United States of America:
Thomson learning.
Longman.
2007.
Longman
Dictionary
of
Contemporary
English.
http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/attainment. Accessed in Monday, 30th
September 2012. 14.30 pm.
Burke, Lucy. 2000. The Rouledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader. London:
Routledge.
Maulida. 2003. The Correlation between Students’ Intelligence Quotient and Their
Speaking Ability In The Third Year of SMU Widya Dharma Turen Malang.
Unpublished Thesis University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Mustaqim.2004. Psikologi Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Parson, Richard D. Hinson, Stephanie Lewis. Brown, Deborah Sardo . 2001.
Educational Psychology – A Practioner – Reseacher Model of Teaching.
Canada: Thomson Learning.
Richard, Jack C. Renandya, Willy A. 2002. Language Teaching - An Anthology of
Current Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Santrock, John W. 2002. Life – Span Development – Perkembangan Masa Hidup.
Edisi kelima. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sukmadinata, Nana Syaodih. Landasan Psikologi Proses Pendidikan. 2009.
Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Woolfolk, Anita. 2004. Educational Psycology- International Edition- Ninth
Edition. Unites States of America: Pearson Education Inc.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some topics related to the background of the study,
statement of the problem, statement of hypothesis, purpose of study the significance
of study, scope and limitation, the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background Of The Study
Education is one way to build the progress of development of a country.
Education process will improve a country to become better, especially for developing
countries like Indonesia. Education prepares the human resource to become skillful
in order to face the world’s challenge. To compete with developed nations, it needs
wide knowledge and good competence provided in education process. Moreover,
education will help a country to find the information about the background of the
successful country. In order to learn about a foreign country, it will need support to
reach a maximum result. The most important one is mastering the language used by
many people in the world.
According to Fromkin (2003), language is the source of human life and
power, which means the people have capacity to produce sound that signify certain
meaning and to understand or interpret the sounds produced by others. Furthermore,
Bloomfield (2005:3) stated that language plays a great part in our life. Perhaps
because of its familiarity, people rarely observe it and take it for granted, as they do
breathing or walking. It can be said that language is one way to communication
which is used by people to make conversation and interaction each other. It means
that language cannot be separated from human beings’ life and also from society.
International language is a language intended to be used by people of
different linguistic backgrounds to facilitate communication among them and to
reduce the misunderstandings and antagonisms caused by language differences
(Farlex: 2010). So, the function of International language is the way to make
communication with people in many countries which have different background of
language. English has become an international language used in this world. With
English people can learn and find information about foreign country, such as about
education, culture, economics, etc.
Therefore, English has become one of the subjects that must be studied by
students. There are four skills of English lesson which are important to study. One of
them is speaking. Speaking English is one way to make communication in order to
open relationship with another. With the speaking competence in English, students
can make conversation with many people in the world. So they can learn and find
much information about foreign countries. Moreover, students can build new
knowledge by speaking English.
There are some factors that influence the student’s ability in mastering
English. One of them is the different IQ (Intelligence Quotient) degrees. According
to Santrock (2002) intelligence is the verbal ability, a skill to solve problem, an
ability to study and able to live with the experiences around the environment.
Meanwhile, according to Robinsin (in Eliot : 2000) intelligence quotient is a
✁
questionable measure of general intelligence and a minor determination of success.
Every student has different IQ (Intelligence Quotient). It can be seen from the result
of students IQ’s test. The function of IQ test is for measuring the level of students’
ability depending on their intelligence.
Students’ achievement is the score which show the result of the students’
effort in learning process. Nugroho (2012) stated that students’ achievement is
influenced by some factors. One of them is students’ IQ. The level of Students’ IQ
will influence the result of students learning process. Moreover, Aliyas (2010) stated,
thinking and language have a high correlation. It means that students’ Intelligence
gives contribution to the students’ mastery in language skills. There are four skills of
language; speaking, reading, listening, and writing.
A previous researcher, Maulida (2003) has conducted a research with the
title “The Correlation between Student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and Their
Speaking Ability in the Third Year of SMU Widya Dharma Turen- Malang”. The
result of the research is that the alternative hypothesis is accepted. It means that there
is a positive correlation between students’ IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and student’s
speaking ability. So, it can be said that the level of student’s IQ (Intelligence
Quotient) will influence student’s achievement.
Based on the explanation above, researcher wants to conduct a similar
research with the title “The Correlation between Student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
and Student’s Speaking Achievement Of tenth Grade at SMA Negeri 1 Pagak”.
However, the difference with the previous research is the object, this research takes
3
the sample in the tenth grade, because the data of student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
test is also taken in the tenth grade. The IQ test is done in the tenth grade to consider
in making decision what a student will major in the second grade. Besides, the
previous research only took one score from speaking test, but in this research,
researcher takes three scores of the speaking test. Therefore, the final hypothesis of
this research will show the maximum result. Moreover, the result of this research will
give contribution to teachers to give motivation and give support to the students’
expectation about their speaking ability and arouse their interest to increase their
speaking ability. It will also help the students recognize and understand their
speaking ability.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
From the background of the study, the researcher formulates the statement of
the problem as follows:
Is there any positive correlation between student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and
student’s speaking achievement of English in tenth grade at SMA Negeri 1 Pagak?
1.3 Purpose Of The Study
According to the research problem stated above, the purpose of the study is
to see whether there is any positive correlation between student’s IQ (Intelligence
Quotient) and student’s speaking achievement of English in tenth grade At SMA
Negeri 1 Pagak.
4
1.4 Hypothesis
Hi (Alternative Hypothesis)
: There is positive correlation between student’s IQ
(Intelligence
Quotient)
and
student’s
speaking
achievement of English in tenth grade at SMA
Negeri 1 Pagak.
Ho (Null Hypothesis)
: There is no positive correlation between student’s IQ
(Intelligence
Quotient)
and
student’s
speaking
achievement of English in tenth grade SMA Negeri 1
Pagak.
1.5 Significance Of Study
The researcher will give description about the importance of this study as
follows:
This research gives contribution to increase student’s knowledge about their
achievement in speaking lesson connected with the ability that they have. It also
increases the teacher’s knowledge to determine the best technique to teach students.
It means that, if there is correlation between student’s IQ and student’s speaking
achievement, the teacher should give more attention to the student who has IQ level
under average. Besides, this research will be useful for another researcher who takes
a similar research.
1.6 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is the speaking subject which has become one of the
English lessons. Meanwhile, the researcher gives limitation in student’s IQ of the
5
tenth grade at SMA Negeri 1 Pagak and their speaking achievement. This research
chooses students in the first level because they already get an IQ (Intelligence
Quotient) test. So the result of this research will be more accurate, because both of
the test results are almost done at the same time.
1.7 Definition Of Key Terms
a. Correlation: Correlation research method is used to determine relation and pattern
of relationship among variables in a single group of subject (Ary:2002).
b. IQ (Intelligence Quotient) : Score comparing mental and chronological ages
(Woolfolk : 2004)
c. Speaking: Speaking means an interactive process of constructing meaning that
involved producing ang receiving and processing information (Brown, Douglas
:2000).
d. Achievement is something important that you succeed in doing by your own
efforts (Longman : 2007)
6
QUOTIENT) AND STUDENT’S SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT
OF TENTH GRADE AT SMA NEGERI 1 PAGAK
THESIS
By:
MEGA ANJARWATI
08360186
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S IQ (INTELLIGENCE
QUOTIENT) AND STUDENT’S SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT OF
TENTH GRADE AT SMA NEGERI 1 PAGAK
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
MEGA ANJARWATI
08360186
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
Motto and Dedication
MOTTO:
Create your own happiness, don t be waiting for
someone who hold your hand. It is because
nobody will create it, but you. (meggha)
This thesis is dedicated to:
My Father Yono Miharjo
My Mother Chalilah
My Brother Iwan Santoso
My Brother Suhadak Fauzi
All of My friends
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamin, the researcher expresses her highest gratitude
to Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to
complete this thesis.
Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam
who had delivered the truth to human beings in general and Muslim in particular.
In this thesis, a lot of people have provided motivation, advice, support, and
even remark that have helped the researcher. In this valuable chance, the researcher
aims to express her gratitude and appreciation to all of them.
First, the researcher also presents her sincere appreciation goes to
Dr.Masduki, M.Pd as the first advisor, who has helped, given valuable advice,
motivation, experience, encouragement to the researcher all the time of study and
analysis of this whole thesis. Then to her second advisor Drs. Imam Mahfudz as the
second advisor, who has helped her patiently to finish this thesis by giving
suggestion, guidance, and correction since the preliminary step of writing the
manuscript until the completion of this thesis. The researcher greatest thanks go to
Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum as my academic counselor that always patiently
gives support and gives me good advice.
v
Secondly, the researcher’s deepest appreciation goes to her beloved family,
especially her parents, Bapak Yono Miharjo and Ibu Cholilah, thank you so much for
your affection, advice, guidance, instruction and help in all her life, and their love
which is beyond any words. Then for her dearest brothers, Mas Iwan Santoso and
Adek Suhadak Fauzi who always give her constant encouragement and tireless
motivation.
Her thankfulness also goes to all her friends who cannot be mentioned here
one by one. Particularly her greatest thankfulness to her everlasting friend Leni,
Ceres, Idur, Cicit, Tata, Vitalis, Prita, Gank of Perum Ebong Anyar 2 Blok P23
(Dino’, A’yun, Mbak. Shasha, Noni’), Class D1 (Surya, Roro, Ima, Hana, Sisil,
Intan, Ida, Novi, Enggar, Bena, Siska, Dini, Eka, Dika, Ebi, Zaros, Luki, Deki, Fani,
Rokib, Veri, Sandy, Bryan, Angger), thank you so much for coloring her life,
cheerful days, beautiful togetherness and also unforgettable moment for all of her
life.
Finally, may Allah always bless us. Aamiin
The Researcher,
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... i
LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................ ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ........................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of The Problems ..................................................................... 4
1.3 The Purposes of The Study ..................................................................... 4
1.4 Hypothesis..................................................................................................5
1.5 Significance of The Study ....................................................................... 5
1.6 Scope And Limitation ............................................................................. 5
1.7 Definition of The Key Terms .................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Intelligence.............................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 Definition of Intelligence .............................................................. 7
2.1.2 Kinds of Intelligence ..................................................................... 8
2.2 Definition of Intelligence Quotient....................................................….. 9
2.3 Speaking ................................................................................................ 13
2.3.1 Definition of Speaking ................................................................. 13
2.3.2 Classroom Speaking Activities ..................................................... 15
2.3.4 Kinds of Speaking Performance ................................................... 16
vii
2.4 Correlation of IQ and speaking ............................................................. 17
2.5 Students’ Achievement ......................................................................... 18
2.5.1 Factor of Students’ Achievement ................................................. 19
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 22
3.2 Population and Sample ......................................................................... 22
3.3 Research Instrument .............................................................................. 24
3.4 Data Collection ..................................................................................... 25
3.5 Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings .................................................................................. 27
4.1.1 The Mean Score of the Students’ IQ and the Students’ Speaking... 27
4.1.2 Correlation between Students’ IQ and Students’ Speaking
Achievement .................................................................................... 28
4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................ 30
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 The Conclusion ........................................................................................ 32
5.2 The Suggestion ......................................................................................... 32
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
viii
REFEERENCES
Algarabel, Salvador. 2001. The Definition of Achievement and the Construction of
Tests for Its Measurement: A Review of the Main Trends. Spain: University
of Valencia.
Aliyas. 2010. Psikologi Berpikir. Komunitas Bloger Universitas Sriwijaya.
blog.unsri.ac.id/download2/14708.pdf. Accessed on Tursday, 1st November
2012. 10.30 am
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2002. Prosedur Penelitian, Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta:
PT. Rineka Cipta.
Ary, Donald. Lucy Cheser Jacobs. Asghar Razavieh. 2002. Introduction to Research
in Education. United States: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Baharuddin. 2007. Psikologi Pendidikan – Refleksi Teoretis Terhadap Fenomena.
Jogjakarta: AR-Ruzz Media.
Bloomfield, Leonard. 2005. Language. India: Motital Banarsidass.
Bogdan, Robert C. 2007. Qualitative Research for Education An Introduction to
Theory And Methods. United State: Person
Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by principles: Interacttive approach to language
Pedagogy - Second edition. New York: Pearson Education Company
Eliot, Stephen N. 2002. Educational Psycology – Effective Teaching – Effective
Learning. Third Edition. Mc.Graw Hill Companies: United States of
America.
Fontana, David. 1981. Psychology For Teachers. London: The Macmilan Press.
Fromkin, et. al. 2003. An Introduction to Language. United Stated: Wardsworth.
Fulcher, Glenn. 2003. Testing Second Language Speaking.
Licensing Agency.
London: Copyright
Harmer, Jeremy. 2002. The Practice of English Language Teaching: Third Edition.
England: Longman
Farlex. 2010. International Language. Encyclopedia. The Free Dictionary.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/International+Language.
Accessed on Sunday Oct 8th 2012. 10.22 pm
Jamridafrizal. 2009. Hubungan Iq Dengan Proses Belajar Dan Peran Intelegensi
Terhadap Prestasi Belajar. http://www.scribd.com/doc/18120676/hubunganiq-dengan-proses-belajar. Accessed on Tursday, 1st November 2012. 10.30
am
Lefrancois, Guy. R.. 2000. Psychology for teaching. United States of America:
Thomson learning.
Longman.
2007.
Longman
Dictionary
of
Contemporary
English.
http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/attainment. Accessed in Monday, 30th
September 2012. 14.30 pm.
Burke, Lucy. 2000. The Rouledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader. London:
Routledge.
Maulida. 2003. The Correlation between Students’ Intelligence Quotient and Their
Speaking Ability In The Third Year of SMU Widya Dharma Turen Malang.
Unpublished Thesis University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Mustaqim.2004. Psikologi Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Parson, Richard D. Hinson, Stephanie Lewis. Brown, Deborah Sardo . 2001.
Educational Psychology – A Practioner – Reseacher Model of Teaching.
Canada: Thomson Learning.
Richard, Jack C. Renandya, Willy A. 2002. Language Teaching - An Anthology of
Current Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Santrock, John W. 2002. Life – Span Development – Perkembangan Masa Hidup.
Edisi kelima. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sukmadinata, Nana Syaodih. Landasan Psikologi Proses Pendidikan. 2009.
Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Woolfolk, Anita. 2004. Educational Psycology- International Edition- Ninth
Edition. Unites States of America: Pearson Education Inc.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some topics related to the background of the study,
statement of the problem, statement of hypothesis, purpose of study the significance
of study, scope and limitation, the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background Of The Study
Education is one way to build the progress of development of a country.
Education process will improve a country to become better, especially for developing
countries like Indonesia. Education prepares the human resource to become skillful
in order to face the world’s challenge. To compete with developed nations, it needs
wide knowledge and good competence provided in education process. Moreover,
education will help a country to find the information about the background of the
successful country. In order to learn about a foreign country, it will need support to
reach a maximum result. The most important one is mastering the language used by
many people in the world.
According to Fromkin (2003), language is the source of human life and
power, which means the people have capacity to produce sound that signify certain
meaning and to understand or interpret the sounds produced by others. Furthermore,
Bloomfield (2005:3) stated that language plays a great part in our life. Perhaps
because of its familiarity, people rarely observe it and take it for granted, as they do
breathing or walking. It can be said that language is one way to communication
which is used by people to make conversation and interaction each other. It means
that language cannot be separated from human beings’ life and also from society.
International language is a language intended to be used by people of
different linguistic backgrounds to facilitate communication among them and to
reduce the misunderstandings and antagonisms caused by language differences
(Farlex: 2010). So, the function of International language is the way to make
communication with people in many countries which have different background of
language. English has become an international language used in this world. With
English people can learn and find information about foreign country, such as about
education, culture, economics, etc.
Therefore, English has become one of the subjects that must be studied by
students. There are four skills of English lesson which are important to study. One of
them is speaking. Speaking English is one way to make communication in order to
open relationship with another. With the speaking competence in English, students
can make conversation with many people in the world. So they can learn and find
much information about foreign countries. Moreover, students can build new
knowledge by speaking English.
There are some factors that influence the student’s ability in mastering
English. One of them is the different IQ (Intelligence Quotient) degrees. According
to Santrock (2002) intelligence is the verbal ability, a skill to solve problem, an
ability to study and able to live with the experiences around the environment.
Meanwhile, according to Robinsin (in Eliot : 2000) intelligence quotient is a
✁
questionable measure of general intelligence and a minor determination of success.
Every student has different IQ (Intelligence Quotient). It can be seen from the result
of students IQ’s test. The function of IQ test is for measuring the level of students’
ability depending on their intelligence.
Students’ achievement is the score which show the result of the students’
effort in learning process. Nugroho (2012) stated that students’ achievement is
influenced by some factors. One of them is students’ IQ. The level of Students’ IQ
will influence the result of students learning process. Moreover, Aliyas (2010) stated,
thinking and language have a high correlation. It means that students’ Intelligence
gives contribution to the students’ mastery in language skills. There are four skills of
language; speaking, reading, listening, and writing.
A previous researcher, Maulida (2003) has conducted a research with the
title “The Correlation between Student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and Their
Speaking Ability in the Third Year of SMU Widya Dharma Turen- Malang”. The
result of the research is that the alternative hypothesis is accepted. It means that there
is a positive correlation between students’ IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and student’s
speaking ability. So, it can be said that the level of student’s IQ (Intelligence
Quotient) will influence student’s achievement.
Based on the explanation above, researcher wants to conduct a similar
research with the title “The Correlation between Student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
and Student’s Speaking Achievement Of tenth Grade at SMA Negeri 1 Pagak”.
However, the difference with the previous research is the object, this research takes
3
the sample in the tenth grade, because the data of student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
test is also taken in the tenth grade. The IQ test is done in the tenth grade to consider
in making decision what a student will major in the second grade. Besides, the
previous research only took one score from speaking test, but in this research,
researcher takes three scores of the speaking test. Therefore, the final hypothesis of
this research will show the maximum result. Moreover, the result of this research will
give contribution to teachers to give motivation and give support to the students’
expectation about their speaking ability and arouse their interest to increase their
speaking ability. It will also help the students recognize and understand their
speaking ability.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
From the background of the study, the researcher formulates the statement of
the problem as follows:
Is there any positive correlation between student’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and
student’s speaking achievement of English in tenth grade at SMA Negeri 1 Pagak?
1.3 Purpose Of The Study
According to the research problem stated above, the purpose of the study is
to see whether there is any positive correlation between student’s IQ (Intelligence
Quotient) and student’s speaking achievement of English in tenth grade At SMA
Negeri 1 Pagak.
4
1.4 Hypothesis
Hi (Alternative Hypothesis)
: There is positive correlation between student’s IQ
(Intelligence
Quotient)
and
student’s
speaking
achievement of English in tenth grade at SMA
Negeri 1 Pagak.
Ho (Null Hypothesis)
: There is no positive correlation between student’s IQ
(Intelligence
Quotient)
and
student’s
speaking
achievement of English in tenth grade SMA Negeri 1
Pagak.
1.5 Significance Of Study
The researcher will give description about the importance of this study as
follows:
This research gives contribution to increase student’s knowledge about their
achievement in speaking lesson connected with the ability that they have. It also
increases the teacher’s knowledge to determine the best technique to teach students.
It means that, if there is correlation between student’s IQ and student’s speaking
achievement, the teacher should give more attention to the student who has IQ level
under average. Besides, this research will be useful for another researcher who takes
a similar research.
1.6 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is the speaking subject which has become one of the
English lessons. Meanwhile, the researcher gives limitation in student’s IQ of the
5
tenth grade at SMA Negeri 1 Pagak and their speaking achievement. This research
chooses students in the first level because they already get an IQ (Intelligence
Quotient) test. So the result of this research will be more accurate, because both of
the test results are almost done at the same time.
1.7 Definition Of Key Terms
a. Correlation: Correlation research method is used to determine relation and pattern
of relationship among variables in a single group of subject (Ary:2002).
b. IQ (Intelligence Quotient) : Score comparing mental and chronological ages
(Woolfolk : 2004)
c. Speaking: Speaking means an interactive process of constructing meaning that
involved producing ang receiving and processing information (Brown, Douglas
:2000).
d. Achievement is something important that you succeed in doing by your own
efforts (Longman : 2007)
6