FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOK "FLY WITH ENGLISH" Functional Analysis of Narrative Texts in Elementary School Textbook Fly with English.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK "FLY WITH ENGLISH"
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
by:
AMBAR JATI
A320130096
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTOS
Inna ma’al ‘usri yusra
(Qs. Al Insyirah: 6)
Mulat Sarira Hangrasa Wani
(Raden Mas Said)
No Pain No Gain
(Benjamin Franklin)
Berusaha – Berdoa – Berhasil
(Anonymous)
v
DEDICATION
This literary work is dedicated:
for my precious dad and mom,
my beloved sister,
and my partner of life.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All blessings belong to Allah SWT for His
mercy given to the researcher, so she could complete her research paper entitled
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXT IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”. In conducting this research the
researcher got so many aids from many people. The researcher would like to express
her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the people in the following list:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Chief of Department of English Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ar, M. Hum., the academic consultant who has given
valuable advice, knowledge and motivation for the researcher.
4. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum., the consultant who has supported and
encouraged the researcher to conduct this research by giving her great advice
and suggestions, so the researcher can broaden her knowledge about
linguistics.
5. All lecturers of Department of English Education who have become such
great educators and for giving uncountable knowledge to the researcher.
6. Her beloved mother, father and sister for their eternal love and support. The
researcher is completely nothing without them.
7. Second Division 2015/2016, My best partners, Ibnu Dwy Rahayuningsih and
Dwiki Prasetyo, and also my children, Ulfa, Yunia, Ali, Putri, Septria, Ria,
Riska, Kiki, Angga, Endra, and Lilis, who gives many experiences.
8. English Librarian, Septria Ayuningrukmi, Hemix Gatut and Rifki Maulana,
who provide the researcher a place to do and revise this research.
vii
viii
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”
ABSTRAK
AMBAR JATI. A320130096. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE
TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”.
Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. 2016, 95 halaman.
Penelitian ini merupakan analisis teks naratif dalam buku pelajaran tingkat
sekolah dasar (SD) “Fly with English” berdasarkan tata bahasa leksiko dan konteks
dalam cakupan Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik (SFL). Penelitian ini diharapkan
dapat memberikan implikasi dalam pengajaran berdasarkan konteks proses belajar
dan mengajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini diantaranya (1) menemukan jenis proses,
partisipan dan sirkumstan, (2) mewujudkan makna ideasional, dan (3) menjelaskan
implikasi pengajaran dari analisis teks naratif.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk
menganalisis permasalahan. Dalam teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan
dokumentasi dan observasi. Peneliti menemukan 95 klausa pada teks naratif. Dalam
menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan tata bahasa leksiko dalam cakupan SFL
untuk menjawab permasalahan yang pertama. Selain itu, peneliti mengacu pada
konteks dalam cakupan SFL untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua, dan peneliti juga
menggunakan konteks belajar dan mengajar untuk menjawab permasalahan ketiga.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat enam jenis proses dalam teks naratif
ini, yakni (1) proses material (40%), (2) proses mental (23,1%), (3) proses relasional
(20%), (4) proses verbal dan tingkah laku (7,4%), (5) proses eksistensi (2,1%).
Proses material sebagai proses yang paling dominan. Peneliti juga menemukan lima
belas jenis partisipan, yakni actor, goal, senser, phenomenon, sayer, verbiage,
carrier, attribute, token, value, receiver, client, recipient, behaver, dan existent.
Partisipan yang paling dominan adalah partisipan dari proses material (35,7%). Hal
tersebut menunjukan bahwa penulis teks sering menggunakan proses kejadian atau
melakukan untuk mengungkap ide atau pengalaman yang sesuai dengan tingkat
pembelajar. Selain itu, peneliti menemukan enam jenis sirkumstan, yakni lokasi,
masalah, cara, penemanan, sebab, dan durasi. Hasil menunjukan bahwa sirkumstan
yang paling dominan ialah sirkumstan lokasi (46,1%). Penulis teks yang
menggunakan banyak sirkumstan lokasi akan memberikan latar yang jelas, sehingga
pembaca akan memahami alur cerita. Implikasi pengajaran dalam SFL di teks naratif
yakni dapat memberikan wawasan guru tentang pengajaran jenis teks dalam proses
pembelajaran. Dalam tata bahasa fungsional, guru dapat mengajarkan ciri
kebahasaan teks naratif dengan cara yang berbeda, yakni dengan memperkenalkan
istilah proses, partisipan, dan sirkumstan dalam klausa teks naratif.
Kata Kunci: SFL, makna ideasional, teks naratif, proses, dan sirkumstan.
ix
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”
ABSTRACT
AMBAR JATI. A320130096. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE
TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”.
Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2016, 95 Pages.
This study is an analysis of narrative texts in Elementary School textbook
“Fly with English” based on lexico-grammar and context in the framework of
Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). This study is also expected to give the
pedagogical implication based on the context of teaching and learning process. The
aims of this research are (1) finding out the types of processes, participants, and
circumstances, (2) realizing the ideational meaning, and (3) explaining the
pedagogical implication of narrative text analysis.
This research uses descriptive qualitative type of study in investigating the
problem. In the technique of collecting data, the writer uses observation and
documentation. The writer finds 95 clauses in narrative text. In analyzing the data,
the writer uses lexico-grammar of SFL framework to answer the first problem.
Moreover, the writer refers to context of SFL framework to answer the second
problem, and the writer also uses context of teaching and learning to answer the third
problem.
Based on the result, there are six types of processes in the narrative text, those
are: (1) material process (40%), (2) mental process (23,1%), (3) relational process
(20%), (4) verbal and behavioral process (7,4%), and (5) existential process (2,1%).
Material process is the dominant process. The writer also finds fifteen types of the
participants, namely actor, goal, senser, phenomenon, sayer, verbiage, carrier,
attribute, token, value, receiver, client, recipient, behaver, and existent. The most
dominant participant is material’s participants (35,7%). It indicates that the author
often employs the process of happening or doing in order to reveal the idea or
experience that are appropriate with the learner’s level. Moreover, the writer finds
six types of circumstances, that are, location, matter, manner, accompaniment, cause,
and extent. The result shows that the most dominant circumstance is circumstance of
location (46,1%). The author who employs many circumstances of location will give
clear setting of the narrative text, so the reader will understand the plot of story. The
pedagogical implication of studying Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) in
narrative text is to give the insight of the teacher about SFL genre pedagogy in
teaching and learning process. In functional grammar, teacher can teach the language
features in different ways, such as by introducing the terms of processes, participants,
and circumstances that contain in the narrative text clauses.
Keyword: SFL, ideational meaning, narrative text, process, and circumstance.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................
iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .....................................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study .......................................................................
4
C. Problem Statement ..............................................................................
4
D. Objectives of the Study .......................................................................
5
E. Benefits of the Study ...........................................................................
5
F. Research Paper Organization ..............................................................
6
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Study .....................................................................................
7
B. Related Literary Theory .......................................................................
14
1. Notion of Grammar .........................................................................
14
2. Systemic Functional Grammar ........................................................
14
3. Metafunction ....................................................................................
16
4. Ideational Meaning ..........................................................................
17
a. Transitivity System .....................................................................
17
xi
b. Types of Processes and Participants ...........................................
17
c. Circumstances .............................................................................
18
5. Notion of Text .................................................................................
27
6. Narrative Text ..................................................................................
28
7. Genre ...............................................................................................
28
8. About Textbook “Fly with English” ................................................
29
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study .................................................................................
30
B. Object of Research ...............................................................................
30
C. Data and Data Source ...........................................................................
31
D. Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................
31
E. Data Validity ........................................................................................
31
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ..............................................................
32
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .......................................................................................
33
B. Finding .................................................................................................
79
1. Types of Processes ..........................................................................
79
2. Types of Participants .......................................................................
80
3. Types of Circumstances...................................................................
81
4. Narrative Text ..................................................................................
82
C. Discussion ............................................................................................
84
1. Ideational meaning and types of processes, participants, and
circumstances of narrative text in Elementary School
textbook “Fly with English” ............................................................
a. Types of Processes and Participants ...........................................
84
85
1) Material Process .....................................................................
85
2) Mental Process .......................................................................
85
3) Relational Process ..................................................................
86
4) Behavioral Process .................................................................
86
5) Verbal Process ........................................................................
87
6) Existential Process .................................................................
87
xii
b. Types of Circumstances ..............................................................
88
1) Circumstance of Location ......................................................
88
2) Circumstance of Manner ........................................................
88
3) Circumstance of Extent ..........................................................
89
4) Circumstance of Accompaniment ..........................................
89
5) Circumstance of Matter ..........................................................
89
6) Circumstance of Cause ...........................................................
90
2. Pedagogical Implication of Narrative Text Analysis ......................
91
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ...........................................................................................
93
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................
95
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK "FLY WITH ENGLISH"
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
by:
AMBAR JATI
A320130096
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTOS
Inna ma’al ‘usri yusra
(Qs. Al Insyirah: 6)
Mulat Sarira Hangrasa Wani
(Raden Mas Said)
No Pain No Gain
(Benjamin Franklin)
Berusaha – Berdoa – Berhasil
(Anonymous)
v
DEDICATION
This literary work is dedicated:
for my precious dad and mom,
my beloved sister,
and my partner of life.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All blessings belong to Allah SWT for His
mercy given to the researcher, so she could complete her research paper entitled
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXT IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”. In conducting this research the
researcher got so many aids from many people. The researcher would like to express
her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the people in the following list:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Chief of Department of English Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ar, M. Hum., the academic consultant who has given
valuable advice, knowledge and motivation for the researcher.
4. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum., the consultant who has supported and
encouraged the researcher to conduct this research by giving her great advice
and suggestions, so the researcher can broaden her knowledge about
linguistics.
5. All lecturers of Department of English Education who have become such
great educators and for giving uncountable knowledge to the researcher.
6. Her beloved mother, father and sister for their eternal love and support. The
researcher is completely nothing without them.
7. Second Division 2015/2016, My best partners, Ibnu Dwy Rahayuningsih and
Dwiki Prasetyo, and also my children, Ulfa, Yunia, Ali, Putri, Septria, Ria,
Riska, Kiki, Angga, Endra, and Lilis, who gives many experiences.
8. English Librarian, Septria Ayuningrukmi, Hemix Gatut and Rifki Maulana,
who provide the researcher a place to do and revise this research.
vii
viii
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”
ABSTRAK
AMBAR JATI. A320130096. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE
TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”.
Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. 2016, 95 halaman.
Penelitian ini merupakan analisis teks naratif dalam buku pelajaran tingkat
sekolah dasar (SD) “Fly with English” berdasarkan tata bahasa leksiko dan konteks
dalam cakupan Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik (SFL). Penelitian ini diharapkan
dapat memberikan implikasi dalam pengajaran berdasarkan konteks proses belajar
dan mengajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini diantaranya (1) menemukan jenis proses,
partisipan dan sirkumstan, (2) mewujudkan makna ideasional, dan (3) menjelaskan
implikasi pengajaran dari analisis teks naratif.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk
menganalisis permasalahan. Dalam teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan
dokumentasi dan observasi. Peneliti menemukan 95 klausa pada teks naratif. Dalam
menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan tata bahasa leksiko dalam cakupan SFL
untuk menjawab permasalahan yang pertama. Selain itu, peneliti mengacu pada
konteks dalam cakupan SFL untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua, dan peneliti juga
menggunakan konteks belajar dan mengajar untuk menjawab permasalahan ketiga.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat enam jenis proses dalam teks naratif
ini, yakni (1) proses material (40%), (2) proses mental (23,1%), (3) proses relasional
(20%), (4) proses verbal dan tingkah laku (7,4%), (5) proses eksistensi (2,1%).
Proses material sebagai proses yang paling dominan. Peneliti juga menemukan lima
belas jenis partisipan, yakni actor, goal, senser, phenomenon, sayer, verbiage,
carrier, attribute, token, value, receiver, client, recipient, behaver, dan existent.
Partisipan yang paling dominan adalah partisipan dari proses material (35,7%). Hal
tersebut menunjukan bahwa penulis teks sering menggunakan proses kejadian atau
melakukan untuk mengungkap ide atau pengalaman yang sesuai dengan tingkat
pembelajar. Selain itu, peneliti menemukan enam jenis sirkumstan, yakni lokasi,
masalah, cara, penemanan, sebab, dan durasi. Hasil menunjukan bahwa sirkumstan
yang paling dominan ialah sirkumstan lokasi (46,1%). Penulis teks yang
menggunakan banyak sirkumstan lokasi akan memberikan latar yang jelas, sehingga
pembaca akan memahami alur cerita. Implikasi pengajaran dalam SFL di teks naratif
yakni dapat memberikan wawasan guru tentang pengajaran jenis teks dalam proses
pembelajaran. Dalam tata bahasa fungsional, guru dapat mengajarkan ciri
kebahasaan teks naratif dengan cara yang berbeda, yakni dengan memperkenalkan
istilah proses, partisipan, dan sirkumstan dalam klausa teks naratif.
Kata Kunci: SFL, makna ideasional, teks naratif, proses, dan sirkumstan.
ix
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”
ABSTRACT
AMBAR JATI. A320130096. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE
TEXTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOK “FLY WITH ENGLISH”.
Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2016, 95 Pages.
This study is an analysis of narrative texts in Elementary School textbook
“Fly with English” based on lexico-grammar and context in the framework of
Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). This study is also expected to give the
pedagogical implication based on the context of teaching and learning process. The
aims of this research are (1) finding out the types of processes, participants, and
circumstances, (2) realizing the ideational meaning, and (3) explaining the
pedagogical implication of narrative text analysis.
This research uses descriptive qualitative type of study in investigating the
problem. In the technique of collecting data, the writer uses observation and
documentation. The writer finds 95 clauses in narrative text. In analyzing the data,
the writer uses lexico-grammar of SFL framework to answer the first problem.
Moreover, the writer refers to context of SFL framework to answer the second
problem, and the writer also uses context of teaching and learning to answer the third
problem.
Based on the result, there are six types of processes in the narrative text, those
are: (1) material process (40%), (2) mental process (23,1%), (3) relational process
(20%), (4) verbal and behavioral process (7,4%), and (5) existential process (2,1%).
Material process is the dominant process. The writer also finds fifteen types of the
participants, namely actor, goal, senser, phenomenon, sayer, verbiage, carrier,
attribute, token, value, receiver, client, recipient, behaver, and existent. The most
dominant participant is material’s participants (35,7%). It indicates that the author
often employs the process of happening or doing in order to reveal the idea or
experience that are appropriate with the learner’s level. Moreover, the writer finds
six types of circumstances, that are, location, matter, manner, accompaniment, cause,
and extent. The result shows that the most dominant circumstance is circumstance of
location (46,1%). The author who employs many circumstances of location will give
clear setting of the narrative text, so the reader will understand the plot of story. The
pedagogical implication of studying Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) in
narrative text is to give the insight of the teacher about SFL genre pedagogy in
teaching and learning process. In functional grammar, teacher can teach the language
features in different ways, such as by introducing the terms of processes, participants,
and circumstances that contain in the narrative text clauses.
Keyword: SFL, ideational meaning, narrative text, process, and circumstance.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................
iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .....................................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study .......................................................................
4
C. Problem Statement ..............................................................................
4
D. Objectives of the Study .......................................................................
5
E. Benefits of the Study ...........................................................................
5
F. Research Paper Organization ..............................................................
6
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Study .....................................................................................
7
B. Related Literary Theory .......................................................................
14
1. Notion of Grammar .........................................................................
14
2. Systemic Functional Grammar ........................................................
14
3. Metafunction ....................................................................................
16
4. Ideational Meaning ..........................................................................
17
a. Transitivity System .....................................................................
17
xi
b. Types of Processes and Participants ...........................................
17
c. Circumstances .............................................................................
18
5. Notion of Text .................................................................................
27
6. Narrative Text ..................................................................................
28
7. Genre ...............................................................................................
28
8. About Textbook “Fly with English” ................................................
29
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study .................................................................................
30
B. Object of Research ...............................................................................
30
C. Data and Data Source ...........................................................................
31
D. Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................
31
E. Data Validity ........................................................................................
31
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ..............................................................
32
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .......................................................................................
33
B. Finding .................................................................................................
79
1. Types of Processes ..........................................................................
79
2. Types of Participants .......................................................................
80
3. Types of Circumstances...................................................................
81
4. Narrative Text ..................................................................................
82
C. Discussion ............................................................................................
84
1. Ideational meaning and types of processes, participants, and
circumstances of narrative text in Elementary School
textbook “Fly with English” ............................................................
a. Types of Processes and Participants ...........................................
84
85
1) Material Process .....................................................................
85
2) Mental Process .......................................................................
85
3) Relational Process ..................................................................
86
4) Behavioral Process .................................................................
86
5) Verbal Process ........................................................................
87
6) Existential Process .................................................................
87
xii
b. Types of Circumstances ..............................................................
88
1) Circumstance of Location ......................................................
88
2) Circumstance of Manner ........................................................
88
3) Circumstance of Extent ..........................................................
89
4) Circumstance of Accompaniment ..........................................
89
5) Circumstance of Matter ..........................................................
89
6) Circumstance of Cause ...........................................................
90
2. Pedagogical Implication of Narrative Text Analysis ......................
91
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ...........................................................................................
93
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................
95
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii