Recommendation 40 Project Background CONCLUSION 40

v CNC Milling 3-Axis 26

2.2.1.8 A ‘Standards’ Foundation for Interoperability

28

2.3 Summary

30

3. PROJECT METHODOLOGY 31

3.1 Introduction

31

3.2 Method of data collection

31

3.3 Result

32

3.4 Method of data analysis

32

3.5 Apparatus

32

3.5.1 Tools Used

32

3.5.1.1 Search Engine

33

3.5.1.2 Operating System 33

3.5.1.3 Other Resources 33

3.6 Project Schedule and Milestone

34

3.7 Summary

35

4. RESULT 36

4.1 Introduction 36

4.2 Results 36

5. DISCUSSION 38

5.1 Introduction

38

5.2 Discussion

38

5.2.1 In Term Of Definition

38

5.2.2 Contribution In Industry 39

6. CONCLUSION 40

6.1 Recommendation 40

REFERENCES 41 vi LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Review of STEP-Compliant Systems 10 2.2 An example of cutting parameters 19 2.3 Format files that can be run by MasterCam and ZPrinter 28 3.1 Gantt chart for PSM 1 34 4.1 List of resources gathered 36 vii LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Manufacturing data chains with G-code and STEP-NC 12 2.2 Advanced NC programming enabled by STEP-NC 13 2.3 Complementarities of SPAIM and IIMP in for advanced CNC manufacturing 15 2.4 Machining process optimization at CNC 16 2.5 Machining process optimization with an independent system 17 2.6 EXPRESS-G diagram of optimization data model 18 2.7 Architecture of STEP-NC Code Generator 21 2.8 UML Diagram for STEP-NC Code Generator 22 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CAD - Computer Aided Design CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing CAPP - Computer Aided Product Planning CIM - Computer-Integrated Manufacturing CL - Centre Location CNC - Computer Numerical Control DesignKNet - Design Knowledge Network FKP - Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan IGES - Initial Graphics Exchange Specification ISO - International Organization of Standardization LISP - One of Programming Language NC - Numerical Control SFPS - Shop-floor Programming System STEP-NC - Standard for the Exchange of Product-Numerical Control STL - StreoLithography US - United State UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

Interoperable and intelligent are two different things that need comprehension to understand it. It is widely used in nowadays manufacturing environment. In manufacturing system, it is used to communicate each other in order to build a new manufacturing system that will make the manufacturing industry become more advanced and sophisticated. In this project, a new research will be develop regarding to this interoperable and intelligent aspect in manufacturing system. This research intends to give new suggestion or idea in how to develop a good manufacturing system that intelligent and interoperable for machining purpose. Intelligent can be defined as having a high degree or level of understanding of a machine to do the job without manpower to handle. It is also smart technologies used in nowadays industries. This intelligent can also be defined as the capacity and taste for the higher forms of knowledge. In intelligent technologies, it uses of the computer-integrated manufacturing CIM system that relate the intelligent with the system and produce a good manufacturing system to be used. It is a knowledge- based system that has their own working knowledge that is LISP one of programming language, knowledge representation such as production rules and semantic networks, knowledge-acquisition methods such as protocol analysis, and machine learning techniques. Intelligent in manufacturing also can be understand as the brain of a machine and how smart the machine can interact with the command that given to do some task. It is also sometimes 2 Interoperability is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together inter-operate Wikipedia, 2010. The term is often used in a technical systems engineering sense, or alternatively in a broad sense, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to system performance Wikipedia, 2010. Interoperable also can be defined as a property of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, presents or future, without any restricted access or implementation. Interoperable can also be define as the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged.

1.2 Problem Statement