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Generally, historical approach is more relevant in frameworkof traditionalliterary history, literary historywiththe implicationsof theauthors, literary
works, andcertain periods, with the object ofindividualliterary works. There areseveralissuesthatbecomethe targetobject ofa historical approach:
1. Changes of language in the literary work as the result of the republication
2. Function and purpose of the literary work at the time it is published.
3. The position of author at the time of writing
4. Literary work as the representation of its era.
2.3 Social Issue
Social issue has various definitions because it is broader than just one aspect that is concerned. Social issue is an undesirable condition conducted by a group of
people that affects the society. According to Wikipedia, social issue refers to an issue that influences and is opposed by a considerable number of individuals within a
society. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individuals control and local geographical environment. In some cases, a social issue is the
source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is perceives as a morally just personal life
or societal order.Retrieved from Wikipedia
http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiSocial_issue 13 March 2015, 12.33 am.
BagjaWaluya in his book Sosiologi: MenyelamiFenomenaSosial di Masyarakatgives explanations related to social, society, social phenomenon and
social issue as well. Social issue is defined as social phenomena that do not correspond between the desired things and the reality. Soekanto in Waluya 2009:16
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said that there are four factors that cause social issue and lead todeficienciesin the human lifeorsocialgroup:
a. Economic factor, such as poverty and unemployment
b. Biological factor, such as contagious disease
c. Psychological factor, such as mental disorder
d. Cultural factor, such as juvenile delinquency
There are so many social issues that emerge in social life, such as poverty, violence, suicide, sexual abuse, human rights, racial discrimination, slavery and
injustice. Social issues that can be found in this novel are slavery and injustice.
2.4 Slavery
Slavery is one of social issues that occurs in the society life.Slavery is the state of being a slave, a person who is legally owned by another person and forced to
work for them. Slaves are the outsiders who are brought forcibly to serve their masters, or in a particular way are removed from their community membership,
because they owe something or it is because of doing a criminal or as a prisoner of war.
Slavery enters human history with civilization. It happens when people have their own large farm or workshop and need other people who can harvest their wide-
range farm and take care of their properties as well. It is a real benefit to acquire a reliable source of cheap labor, costing no more than the minimum of food and
lodging. These are the conditions for slavery. Every ancient civilization uses slaves and it proves easy to acquire them.
