ix
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
vi
ABSTRAK vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii
CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF FIGURE xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to The Topic 1
1.2 Research Questions 4
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Significant to Knowledge 5
1.5 Framework of the Theory 5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
2.1 Syntax 8
2.1.1 Syntactic Function
9 2.1.1.1
Subject 9
2.1.1.2 Predicate
10 2.1.1.3
Object 11
x
2.1.1.4 Complement
11 2.1.1.5
Adverbial 12
2.1.2 Syntactic Unit
13 2.1.2.1
Phrase 13
2.1.2.2 Clause
16
2.2 Semantics 17
2.2.1 Componential Analysis
17 2.2.2
Semantic Roles 18
2.2.2.1 Agent
19 2.2.2.2
Causer 19
2.2.2.3 Affected
19 2.2.2.4
Beneficiary 20
2.2.2.5 Accompaniment
20 2.2.2.6
Resultant 21
2.2.2.7 Instrument
21 2.2.2.8
Location 21
2.2.2.9 Goal
22 2.2.2.10
Time 22
2.2.2.11 Manner
22 2.2.2.12
Measure 23
2.2.3 Paraphrase
23
xi
2.3 Lexical Causative 24
2.3.1 Causer
25 2.3.2
Causee 26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH OBJECT AND METHOD
3.1 Research Object 27
3.2 Research Method 28
3.2.1 Data Collection
29 3.2.2
Data Analysis 29
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Lexical Causative with No Change in Verb; the Agent is not the
Causer 33
4.2 Lexical Causative with No Change in Verb; the Agent is the Causer 40
4.2 Lexical Causative with Some Idiosyncratic Changes in Verb; the
Agent is the Causer 60
4.3 Lexical Causative with Different Verb; the Agent is the Causer 71
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions 84
5.2 Suggestions 87
REFERENCES
91
xii
APPENDICES 93
CURRICULUM VITAE 95
91
REFERENCES
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
