3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Project Planning
23 3.2
Flow Chart 24
3.3 Hardware Design
26 3.4
Summary 27
4 THEORITICAL RESEARCH
4.1 Transistor
28 4.2
Sealed Rechargeable Batteries 12V 32
4.3 Transformers
33 4.4
Water Pump 34
4.5 Summary
35
5 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
5.1 Develop the DC Main Circuit 36
5.2 Develop the AC circuit 39
5.3 Summary 43
6 RESULT
6.1 System Flow 44
6.2 Solar Voltage and current Reading 45
6.3 Summary 47
7 CONCLUSION
7.1 Discussion 48
7.2 Recommendation 49
7.3 Conclusion
51
REFERENCES 52
APPENDIXS 53
LIST OF TABLES
NO TITLE
PAGE
2.1 Recommend fuses, breakers and wire for inverter.
21 3.1
Project planning schedules 23
6.1 Solar output reading
45 6.2
Load reading for noon 45
6.3 Load reading for evening
45 6.4
Load reading for water pump power up by developed inverter 46
LIST OF FIGURES
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PAGE
1.2 Solar Power Irrigation
2 2.1
Small Stand Alone Systems 9
2.2 Grid-Tie Solar System
10 2.3
Complete Stand-Alone Solar System 11
2.4 Hybrid Solar Electric and Generator Combination System
12 2.5
Portable Stand Alone Solar System 13
2.6 Traditional Irrigation
14 2.7
Porous Pipe 15
2.8 The Sine Wave Inverter
21 3.1
Flow Chart of Project Planning 25
3.2 Complete System of Solar Powered Irrigation
26 4.1
BJT Used As an Electronic Switch 29
4.2 Amplifier Circuit, Standard Common-Emitter Configuration
29 4.3
Simple Circuit Using a Transistor 30
4.4 Operation Graph of a Transistor
30 4.5
The Components of a Transformer 33
4.6 Water Pump
34 5.1
Voltage Waveforms 37
5.2 Direct Current circuit
38 5.3
Simulation of the DC Circuit 38
5.4 Inverter Circuit
39 5.5
An Inverter Circuit 40
5.6 Complete Circuit of Solar Powered Irrigation
41 5.7
Timer Circuit 42
5.8 Testing Circuit
42 5.9
Solar Panel 43
6.1 Testing Circuit with Solar
46 6.2
Load running 47
7.1 Electronic Water Timer
50 7.2
Small Stand Alone Photovoltaic System 50
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AC -
Alternating Current DC
- Direct Current
PV -
Photovoltaic TNB
- Tenaga Nasional Berhad
EVA -
Ethylene vinyl acetate UPS
- Uninterruptible power supply
BJT -
Bipolar junction transistors FET
- Field-effect transistors
CCA -
Cold cranking ability AH
- Ampere hours
LIST OF APPENDIXS
NO TITLE
PAGE
A Project Planning
55 B
Datasheet 56
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction To Solar
Solar power is absolutely perfect for use with irrigation systems for gardens, allotments, greenhouses and polytunnels. When the sun is shining you need more water and so
the solar power is there for the pump. By adding a suitable deep-cycle battery, power can be made available 24 hours per day enabling watering in the evening which is the best time to
water plants in the summer so that the water has a chance to soak into the ground. A main water tank is used to store rainwater runoff from roofs and grey water from where it is pumped
to a secondary tank when and where it is needed. The secondary tank can be placed at ground level and used to fill watering cans or in a slightly elevated position to gravity feed water
through porous pipe or leaky pipe irrigation. A typical solar irrigation system is made up of the following components:
PV Solar Panel Deep cycle battery
12V Pump Tubing to carry the water
An automated irrigation system can be put together using a suitable 12V programmable timer or mechanical timer which will turn on the pump at the same time every
morning and evening. The timer will turn on or off the circuit each day. To protect the pump from being damaged if it runs out of water to pump and to prevent any secondary tanks from
overflowing, float switches can be used to detect water levels and their readings fed into the electronic controller. The solar powered irrigation is illustrated as shown in figure below.
Figure 1.1: Solar Power Irrigation
1.2 Problem Statement
