Integration of Cattle-coconut Farming in South Minahasa Regency
Integration of Cattle-coconut Farming in South Minahasa Regency
Artise H.S. Salendu1,*, Maryunani2, Soemarno3, & B. Polii4
1
Animal Husbandry Faculty, The University of Sam Ratulangi Manado,
Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
*e-mail: artisesalendu@yahoo.com
2
Economic Faculty, The University of Brawijaya Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
3
Agricultural Faculty, The University of Brawijaya Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
4
Agricultural Faculty, The University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, Sulawesi Utara,
Indonesia
Abstract
Coconut plantation is a source of income of South Minahasa community. Land
under coconut plantation is utilized for the development of cattle farming in an
integrated cattle-coconut plantation system. System integration is maintained in
cattle under coconut trees, the land planted with forage and cattle waste used as
fertilizer. While non-integration system is the land under a coconut tree is used for
forage and cattle waste is used as fertilizer. The problem is how the benefits of system
integrated cattle-coconut. The objective of this study was to analyze the benefits of
system integrated cattle-coconut. District and Subdistrict purposively determined
by consideration of having the largest cattle population. Number of respondents
consisted of 86 of farmers are determined based on the ownership of at least 2 cattle
and had to sell cattle. Data analysis was using descriptive analysis. Coconut lands
are managed either by owners or tenants amounted to 10 935 trees (an average of
165.68 trees per respondent). Coconut land for grazing cattle borrowed amount
to 2250 trees (an average of 112.50 trees per respondent). The results showed that
the average farmer earned income non integrated system of Rp 16,583,767.54 per
year. The average income earned on the system integration of Rp 21,658,525.52 per
year. In conclusion, cattle-coconut plantation integration system provides benefits
such as availability of feed resources under coconut, improve soil fertility and as an
alternative source of income.
Keywords: cattle, coconut, integrated
Introducton
Coconut s one of the agrcultural commodtes that domnate n South Mnahasa regency. Coconut s a source of ncome of most people n the regon and t s
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
669
sold n the form of copra. Accordng to Supad and Nurmanaf (2006), coconut as a
strategc commodty has a socal role, cultural and economc lfe of socety. Land
under coconut farmers utlzed for the development of beef cattle. Waste of food
crops s a source of feed, whereas cattle manure used for sol fertlty mprovement
under a coconut tree. Ths farmng system s known as crop-lvestock ntegraton.
System of crop-lvestock ntegraton has many advantages such as avalablty
of food resources, reduce the cost of weed control, mproved sol fertlty, ncrease
crop yelds and prncpal dvdes the rsk of loss (Mansyur et al., 2009). These benefts can ncrease the productvty of land s hgher, thus provdng greater benefts
for the farmer. Integrated of farmng s effort related, mutually supportve, mutually
renforcng and mutually benefcal (synergstc). Ramrao (2006) concluded that the
ntegrated farmng system s the most proftable.
Accordng Channabasavanna et al. (2009) that the Integrated Farmng System
are very productve and proftable. Snce 1977, the ntegrated farmng system has
been clamed to reduce land degradaton and productvty compared wth conventonal rce-based system. Integrated lvestock farmng s the development of the
lvestock resource use that can reduce the rsk of havng the prncples of sustanablty efforts (Soedjana, 2007). In ths case, Rajasekaran et al. (1991) ntroduced a
system of natural resource management for sustanable agrcultural development.
The problem of cattle farmng n South Mnahasa s that the cattle s tradtonally mantaned by grazng system that ted under the coconut trees and move
around. Based on these problems, ths study amed to analyze proftablty of the
cattle–coconut ntegraton farmng n South Mnahasa.
Materals and Methods
The research was conducted n South Mnahasa Regency usng the survey
method. The Mnahasa Regency was purposvely selected for the study as the
Regency was a centre for coconut producton and cattle farmng n North Sulawes.
The dstrcts n South Mnahasa was determned by purposve samplng; Snonsayang
and Tenga dstrcs were the dstrcts wth the largest cattle populaton (BPS South
Mnahasa, 2011). Peasant farmers n every vllage of the sample was restrcted to
coconut farmers who owned at least 2 (two) heads of cattle and had to sell cattle.
There were as many as 86 respondents. The type of data used were cross secton
and tme seres data. The data collecton technques were by ntervews wth cattle
farmers and drect observaton n the feld. The collected data were analysed usng
descrptve analyss method.
Results and Dscusson
The results showed that n South Mnahasa the number of coconut trees owned
670
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
by farmer ranged between 30 - 1000 trees for a total of 13.185 trees. Coconut lands
were managed ether by owners or tenants that amounted to 10.935 trees, or an
average of 165.68 trees per farmer. Meanwhle the borrowed land for cattle grazng
was managed by the tenants and coconut trees numbered 2250 or an average of
112.50 trees per farmer. Coconuts was processed nto copra. Coconut producton
per tree was about 20-40 peces. To produce 100 kg of copra, 400-450 coconuts
were requred dependng on the sze of the coconuts. The copra prces prevalng n
the study area ranged from Rp 570.000 to Rp 980.000 per 100 kg copra. The prce
would be dfferent when the farmers sold the copra to the coconut ol factory whch
greatly affected the ncome of the farmer.
Cattle sales made n the “blantk” market n the vllage Ongkaw; the trader who
arrved at the ste was a farmer and sold the cattle to other farmer. The prce of cattle
depends upon the prce of beef whch s about Rp 50.000-Rp 70.000 per kg. Income
from lvestock enterprses that consume waste and grass that are not qualfed. If
the land under coconut trees used to grow qualty grass then the ncome would
be hgher. Land use under the coconut to serve as a cover crop forage. Accordng
to Rahm (2006), cover crops s an act of conservaton at the tme nstead of the
growng season.
The average land area for maze cultvaton was 0.9 ha and the plantng of corn
was n a 1-3 year perod. Most of the farmers’ cattle (66 respondents or 76,74%)
planted corn under coconut trees wth an area of 0,71 ha on average. The number
of respondents who grew corn nstead of under the coconut trees as much as 20
respondents (23,26%) wth an area of dry land on average 0.87 ha. The ncome of
the farmer from the three farms whch were not ntegrated can be seen n Table 1.
In Table 1, t turns out that the average ncome earned per respondent of Rp
15.899.081,29 per year. Ths ncome s obtaned by the system of dversfcaton of
farmng systems. Accordng to Rota and Sperandn (2010) that the system conssts
of components of plant dversfcaton and free-lvng anmals at the same tme. In
ths case, the ntegraton of crops and lvestock s prmarly to mnmze rsk and
resource recyclng.
Table 1. Average relatve export, relatve mport and relatve trade advantage for selected
meat and meat preparaton sectors n Malays
Sources of Income
Amount
(Rp/Year)
Coconut Farmng
Cattle Farmng
Corn Farmng
Labor of Cattle
Total Income
871,987,077.30
64,174,413.10
206,180,500.00
225,107,000.00
1,367,448,990.40
Average
(Rp/Year/Respondent)
10,137,896.25
746,214.11
2,397,447.67
2,617,523.26
15,899,081.29
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
%
63.77
4.69
15.08
16.46
100
671
The ntegrated producton process showed that land under coconut trees could
be used for fodder crops (forage or legume). Dolev and Kmh (2010), land area s
a determnant factor of the vablty of agrculture. One Ha of land under coconut
trees coverng an area of 0,8 ha planted wth forage grass seed needs of 16,000 cuttngs. The average land area owned, managed and borrowed by farmers accordng to
the results of ths study was 0.71 ha of grass cuttngs Brachara mutca requrng as
many as 11,360 cuttngs. Technologcal nnovaton n the anmal feed crop-lvestock
Integraton Systems Waste-Free (SITT-BL) accordng to Haryanto (2009) provdes
an exctng opportunty to clean green and agrcultural development. Grasses that
can be generated as much as 85.2 tons / year s equvalent to 6.67 AU/year, wth cut
and carry system.
If the land under coconut trees planted forage then the respondent may obtan
ncome from these forages. If the grass produced can be sold to other farmers then
the respondent wll earn ncome of Rp 35.328.093.00 per year per respondent.
Cattle manure n the study area was only allowed on agrcultural lands and
not used as compost. In an ntegrated producton process then all the exstng waste
utlzed by the prncple of zero waste. In ths case, no waste s wasted and the manure
can be processed to generate ncome for farmers and ther famles. Ineffcent use
of nputs accordng to Asche et al (2008) may worsen the envronmental mpact.
Flecknger and Glachant (2011) suggested that each manufacturer must collect and
process-related waste products.
Some research ndcates that a cattle can produce as much as 10 kg of faeces
per cattle per day. Impurtes can be processed nto compost by 3 kg. If the prce
of compost s assumed to be Rp 3.000 per kg n a day then the revenue that the
amount of Rp 9.000. The average of ownershp of 3.4 cattle wll produce 10.2
kg of compost for the revenue obtaned s Rp 11.169.000/year. Compost can be
expressed as an alternatve ncome for farmers who had only left the plantaton
lands or n the yard. Another advantage s the compost can be used by farmers to
substtute artfcal fertlzer prces hgher. The benefts of compost s to mprove
Tabel 2. Farmer Income on Integraton Cattle-Coconut Farmng n South Mnahasa
Regency
Sources of Income
Coconut Farmng
Cattle Farmng
Forage Farmng
Compost Busness
Labor of Cattle
Total Income
672
Amount
(Rp/Year)
871,987,077.30
64,174,413.10
3,038,215,998.00
960,534,000.00
225,107,000.00
5,160,018,488.40
Average
(Rp/Year/Respondent)
%
10,137,896.25
746,214.11
35,328,093.00
11,169,000.00
2,617,523.26
59,998,725.62
16.90
1.25
58.88
18.61
4.36
100
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
sol fertlty owned by farmers n the study area. Organc fertlzer / compost derved
from mxed Chromalaena and manure can replace about 50% of chemcal fertlzers
(Urea and SP-36) (Abdullah and Pusptasar, 2007). Provson of organc materals
from manure and crop resdues can mprove sol physcal propertes (Prasetyo and
Suradkarta, 2006). The ncome of farmers as a respondent n an ntegrated cattlecoconut farmng can be seen n Table 2.
As shown n Table 2, the average ncome of the farmer obtaned an ntegrated
farmng system was Rp 59.998.725,62 per year. Ths ncome was greater than the
farmng of cattle-coconut that s not ntegrated. Accordng Salendu and Elly (2011)
that sustanable lvestock development n North Sulawes could be mplemented
by developng models of coconut-cattle ntegraton. Rota and Sperandn (2010)
suggested that the hgh ntegraton of crops and lvestock are often consdered as a
step forward. Ahmed et al (2011) states that the pattern of ntegrated farmng s the
best farmng system n terms of resources, effcency, productvty, producton and
food supply.
Concluson
Based on the research results t could be concluded that the ncome receved
by farmers wth cattle-coconut ntegraton system was greater than that wth the
non-ntegraton system. Cattle-coconut ntegraton system provdes benefts such
as avalablty of feed resources under coconut, mprove sol fertlty and as an
alternatve source of ncome.
References
Abdullah, L. and D. Pusptasar. 2007. Establshment of Sustanable Sgnal Grass
Pasture by Amendment of Chromalaena Odorata Bomass and Manure as Nutrent Organc Source : Effect on Growth Parameters, Dry Matter Producton
and Carryng Capacty. Journal of Agrculture and Rural Development n the
Tropcs and Sub Tropcs. Suppement 90. Proceedng of the Mn Workshop
Southeast Asa Germany Alumn Network (SEAG). P. 117-125.
Ahmed, N., K. K. Zander and S. T. Garnett. Socoeconomc aspects of rce-fsh
farmng n Bangladesh: opportuntes, challenges and producton effcency.
Australan J. Agrc and Resour Ec. 55 (2011), 2 (Aprl) : 199–219.
Asche, F., K.H. Roll and R. Tveteras. 2008. Economc neffcency and envronmental mpact: An applcaton to aquaculture producton. J. Envr Ec & Manag. 58
(2009), 1 (July) : 93-105.
BPS Mnahasa Selatan. 2011. Mnahasa Selatan Dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statstk Kabupaten Mnahasa Selatan.
Channabasavanna, A.S; D.P. Brodar; K.N. Prabhudev dan M. Hegde. 2009. Devel-
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
673
opment of proftable ntegrated farmng system for small and medum farmers
of tungabhadra project area of karnataka. Inda. Karnataka J. Agrc. Sc; 22(1):
(25-27).
Dolev, Y and A. Kmh. 2010. Do famly farms really converge to a unform sze?
The role of unobserved farm effcency. Austr J. Agrc and Resourc Ec. 54
(2010), 1 (January) : 119-136.
Flecknger, P and M. Glachant. 2011. The organzaton of extended producer responsblty n waste polcy wth product dfferentaton. J. Envron Ec and
Manag. 59 (2010), 1 (January) : 57-66.
Haryanto, B. 2009. Inovas Tehnolog Pakan Ternak Dalam Sstem ntegras Tanaman-Ternak Berbass Lmbah Mendukung Upaya Penngkatan Produks Dagng. Pusat Peneltan dan Pengembangan Peternakan. Pengembangan Innovas
Pertanan 2 (3). 2009: 163-176.
Mansyur., N.P. Indran., I. Suslawat dan T. Dhalka. 2009. Pertumbuhan dan Produktvtas Tanaman Pakan d Bawah Naungan Perkebunan Psang. Lemlt Unverstas Padjadjaran, Bandung.
Prasetyo, B.H and D.A. Suradkarta. 2006. Karakterstk, Potens dan Teknolog
Pengelolaan Tanah Ultsol untuk Pengembangan Pertanan Lahan Kerng d
Indonesa. Jurnal Ltbang Pertanan. Volume 25 (2), 2006. p: 39-47.
Ramrao, W. Y; S.P. Twar and P. Sngh. 2006. Crop- Lvestock Integrated Farmng
System for the Margnal Farmers n Ran Fed Regons of Chhattsgarh n Central Inda. Lvestock Research for Rural Development 18 (7).
Rahm, S.E. 2006. Pengendalan Eros Tanah. Dalam Rangka Pelestaran Lngkungan Hdup. Bum Akasara, Jakarta.
Rajasekaran, B., D.M. Warren and S.C. Babu. 1991. Indgenous Natural-Resources
Management System for Sustanable Agrcultural Development: A Global Perspektve. Journal of Internatonal Development. 3 (4): 387-402.
Rota, A and S. Sperandn. 2010. Integrated Crop-Lvestock Farmng Systems. Lvestock Thematc Papers. Tools for Project Desgn. IFAD, Internatonal Fund for
Agrcultural Development, Rome, Italy.
Salendu, A.H.S dan F.H. Elly. 2011. Model Integras Kelapa-Ternak Sap Sebaga
Suatu Pendekatan Ecofarming d Sulawes Utara. Prosdng Semnar Nasonal.
Strateg Pengembangan Peternakan Masa Depan Melalu Pendekatan EcoFarming. Fakultas Peternakan. UNSRAT, Manado, Sulawes Utara.
Soedjana, T.D. 2007. Sstem Usahatan Terntegras Tanaman-Ternak Sebaga Respon Petan Terhadap Faktor Rsko. Jurnal Ltbang Pertanan. Volume 26 (2),
2007. p: 82-87.
Supad and A.R. Nurmanaf. 2006. Pemberdayaan Petan Kelapa dalam Upaya Penngkatan Pendapatan. Jurnal Ltbang Pertanan. Volume 25 (1), 2006. p: 3136. 29/12/2011.
674
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Artise H.S. Salendu1,*, Maryunani2, Soemarno3, & B. Polii4
1
Animal Husbandry Faculty, The University of Sam Ratulangi Manado,
Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
*e-mail: artisesalendu@yahoo.com
2
Economic Faculty, The University of Brawijaya Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
3
Agricultural Faculty, The University of Brawijaya Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
4
Agricultural Faculty, The University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, Sulawesi Utara,
Indonesia
Abstract
Coconut plantation is a source of income of South Minahasa community. Land
under coconut plantation is utilized for the development of cattle farming in an
integrated cattle-coconut plantation system. System integration is maintained in
cattle under coconut trees, the land planted with forage and cattle waste used as
fertilizer. While non-integration system is the land under a coconut tree is used for
forage and cattle waste is used as fertilizer. The problem is how the benefits of system
integrated cattle-coconut. The objective of this study was to analyze the benefits of
system integrated cattle-coconut. District and Subdistrict purposively determined
by consideration of having the largest cattle population. Number of respondents
consisted of 86 of farmers are determined based on the ownership of at least 2 cattle
and had to sell cattle. Data analysis was using descriptive analysis. Coconut lands
are managed either by owners or tenants amounted to 10 935 trees (an average of
165.68 trees per respondent). Coconut land for grazing cattle borrowed amount
to 2250 trees (an average of 112.50 trees per respondent). The results showed that
the average farmer earned income non integrated system of Rp 16,583,767.54 per
year. The average income earned on the system integration of Rp 21,658,525.52 per
year. In conclusion, cattle-coconut plantation integration system provides benefits
such as availability of feed resources under coconut, improve soil fertility and as an
alternative source of income.
Keywords: cattle, coconut, integrated
Introducton
Coconut s one of the agrcultural commodtes that domnate n South Mnahasa regency. Coconut s a source of ncome of most people n the regon and t s
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
669
sold n the form of copra. Accordng to Supad and Nurmanaf (2006), coconut as a
strategc commodty has a socal role, cultural and economc lfe of socety. Land
under coconut farmers utlzed for the development of beef cattle. Waste of food
crops s a source of feed, whereas cattle manure used for sol fertlty mprovement
under a coconut tree. Ths farmng system s known as crop-lvestock ntegraton.
System of crop-lvestock ntegraton has many advantages such as avalablty
of food resources, reduce the cost of weed control, mproved sol fertlty, ncrease
crop yelds and prncpal dvdes the rsk of loss (Mansyur et al., 2009). These benefts can ncrease the productvty of land s hgher, thus provdng greater benefts
for the farmer. Integrated of farmng s effort related, mutually supportve, mutually
renforcng and mutually benefcal (synergstc). Ramrao (2006) concluded that the
ntegrated farmng system s the most proftable.
Accordng Channabasavanna et al. (2009) that the Integrated Farmng System
are very productve and proftable. Snce 1977, the ntegrated farmng system has
been clamed to reduce land degradaton and productvty compared wth conventonal rce-based system. Integrated lvestock farmng s the development of the
lvestock resource use that can reduce the rsk of havng the prncples of sustanablty efforts (Soedjana, 2007). In ths case, Rajasekaran et al. (1991) ntroduced a
system of natural resource management for sustanable agrcultural development.
The problem of cattle farmng n South Mnahasa s that the cattle s tradtonally mantaned by grazng system that ted under the coconut trees and move
around. Based on these problems, ths study amed to analyze proftablty of the
cattle–coconut ntegraton farmng n South Mnahasa.
Materals and Methods
The research was conducted n South Mnahasa Regency usng the survey
method. The Mnahasa Regency was purposvely selected for the study as the
Regency was a centre for coconut producton and cattle farmng n North Sulawes.
The dstrcts n South Mnahasa was determned by purposve samplng; Snonsayang
and Tenga dstrcs were the dstrcts wth the largest cattle populaton (BPS South
Mnahasa, 2011). Peasant farmers n every vllage of the sample was restrcted to
coconut farmers who owned at least 2 (two) heads of cattle and had to sell cattle.
There were as many as 86 respondents. The type of data used were cross secton
and tme seres data. The data collecton technques were by ntervews wth cattle
farmers and drect observaton n the feld. The collected data were analysed usng
descrptve analyss method.
Results and Dscusson
The results showed that n South Mnahasa the number of coconut trees owned
670
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
by farmer ranged between 30 - 1000 trees for a total of 13.185 trees. Coconut lands
were managed ether by owners or tenants that amounted to 10.935 trees, or an
average of 165.68 trees per farmer. Meanwhle the borrowed land for cattle grazng
was managed by the tenants and coconut trees numbered 2250 or an average of
112.50 trees per farmer. Coconuts was processed nto copra. Coconut producton
per tree was about 20-40 peces. To produce 100 kg of copra, 400-450 coconuts
were requred dependng on the sze of the coconuts. The copra prces prevalng n
the study area ranged from Rp 570.000 to Rp 980.000 per 100 kg copra. The prce
would be dfferent when the farmers sold the copra to the coconut ol factory whch
greatly affected the ncome of the farmer.
Cattle sales made n the “blantk” market n the vllage Ongkaw; the trader who
arrved at the ste was a farmer and sold the cattle to other farmer. The prce of cattle
depends upon the prce of beef whch s about Rp 50.000-Rp 70.000 per kg. Income
from lvestock enterprses that consume waste and grass that are not qualfed. If
the land under coconut trees used to grow qualty grass then the ncome would
be hgher. Land use under the coconut to serve as a cover crop forage. Accordng
to Rahm (2006), cover crops s an act of conservaton at the tme nstead of the
growng season.
The average land area for maze cultvaton was 0.9 ha and the plantng of corn
was n a 1-3 year perod. Most of the farmers’ cattle (66 respondents or 76,74%)
planted corn under coconut trees wth an area of 0,71 ha on average. The number
of respondents who grew corn nstead of under the coconut trees as much as 20
respondents (23,26%) wth an area of dry land on average 0.87 ha. The ncome of
the farmer from the three farms whch were not ntegrated can be seen n Table 1.
In Table 1, t turns out that the average ncome earned per respondent of Rp
15.899.081,29 per year. Ths ncome s obtaned by the system of dversfcaton of
farmng systems. Accordng to Rota and Sperandn (2010) that the system conssts
of components of plant dversfcaton and free-lvng anmals at the same tme. In
ths case, the ntegraton of crops and lvestock s prmarly to mnmze rsk and
resource recyclng.
Table 1. Average relatve export, relatve mport and relatve trade advantage for selected
meat and meat preparaton sectors n Malays
Sources of Income
Amount
(Rp/Year)
Coconut Farmng
Cattle Farmng
Corn Farmng
Labor of Cattle
Total Income
871,987,077.30
64,174,413.10
206,180,500.00
225,107,000.00
1,367,448,990.40
Average
(Rp/Year/Respondent)
10,137,896.25
746,214.11
2,397,447.67
2,617,523.26
15,899,081.29
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
%
63.77
4.69
15.08
16.46
100
671
The ntegrated producton process showed that land under coconut trees could
be used for fodder crops (forage or legume). Dolev and Kmh (2010), land area s
a determnant factor of the vablty of agrculture. One Ha of land under coconut
trees coverng an area of 0,8 ha planted wth forage grass seed needs of 16,000 cuttngs. The average land area owned, managed and borrowed by farmers accordng to
the results of ths study was 0.71 ha of grass cuttngs Brachara mutca requrng as
many as 11,360 cuttngs. Technologcal nnovaton n the anmal feed crop-lvestock
Integraton Systems Waste-Free (SITT-BL) accordng to Haryanto (2009) provdes
an exctng opportunty to clean green and agrcultural development. Grasses that
can be generated as much as 85.2 tons / year s equvalent to 6.67 AU/year, wth cut
and carry system.
If the land under coconut trees planted forage then the respondent may obtan
ncome from these forages. If the grass produced can be sold to other farmers then
the respondent wll earn ncome of Rp 35.328.093.00 per year per respondent.
Cattle manure n the study area was only allowed on agrcultural lands and
not used as compost. In an ntegrated producton process then all the exstng waste
utlzed by the prncple of zero waste. In ths case, no waste s wasted and the manure
can be processed to generate ncome for farmers and ther famles. Ineffcent use
of nputs accordng to Asche et al (2008) may worsen the envronmental mpact.
Flecknger and Glachant (2011) suggested that each manufacturer must collect and
process-related waste products.
Some research ndcates that a cattle can produce as much as 10 kg of faeces
per cattle per day. Impurtes can be processed nto compost by 3 kg. If the prce
of compost s assumed to be Rp 3.000 per kg n a day then the revenue that the
amount of Rp 9.000. The average of ownershp of 3.4 cattle wll produce 10.2
kg of compost for the revenue obtaned s Rp 11.169.000/year. Compost can be
expressed as an alternatve ncome for farmers who had only left the plantaton
lands or n the yard. Another advantage s the compost can be used by farmers to
substtute artfcal fertlzer prces hgher. The benefts of compost s to mprove
Tabel 2. Farmer Income on Integraton Cattle-Coconut Farmng n South Mnahasa
Regency
Sources of Income
Coconut Farmng
Cattle Farmng
Forage Farmng
Compost Busness
Labor of Cattle
Total Income
672
Amount
(Rp/Year)
871,987,077.30
64,174,413.10
3,038,215,998.00
960,534,000.00
225,107,000.00
5,160,018,488.40
Average
(Rp/Year/Respondent)
%
10,137,896.25
746,214.11
35,328,093.00
11,169,000.00
2,617,523.26
59,998,725.62
16.90
1.25
58.88
18.61
4.36
100
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
sol fertlty owned by farmers n the study area. Organc fertlzer / compost derved
from mxed Chromalaena and manure can replace about 50% of chemcal fertlzers
(Urea and SP-36) (Abdullah and Pusptasar, 2007). Provson of organc materals
from manure and crop resdues can mprove sol physcal propertes (Prasetyo and
Suradkarta, 2006). The ncome of farmers as a respondent n an ntegrated cattlecoconut farmng can be seen n Table 2.
As shown n Table 2, the average ncome of the farmer obtaned an ntegrated
farmng system was Rp 59.998.725,62 per year. Ths ncome was greater than the
farmng of cattle-coconut that s not ntegrated. Accordng Salendu and Elly (2011)
that sustanable lvestock development n North Sulawes could be mplemented
by developng models of coconut-cattle ntegraton. Rota and Sperandn (2010)
suggested that the hgh ntegraton of crops and lvestock are often consdered as a
step forward. Ahmed et al (2011) states that the pattern of ntegrated farmng s the
best farmng system n terms of resources, effcency, productvty, producton and
food supply.
Concluson
Based on the research results t could be concluded that the ncome receved
by farmers wth cattle-coconut ntegraton system was greater than that wth the
non-ntegraton system. Cattle-coconut ntegraton system provdes benefts such
as avalablty of feed resources under coconut, mprove sol fertlty and as an
alternatve source of ncome.
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