Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher discussed two parts. The first part was talking about a theoretical description; it emphasized on the theories that supported the discussion of the topic. The second part was talking about the theoretical framework which constructed the theories how students experienced the implementation of Pecha Kucha.

A. Theoretical Description

In the theoretical description, the researcher provided seven parts in the connection of the related literature. The researcher reviewed theories of language learners, speaking skills, integrated listening and speaking skill, presentation, material, and Pecha Kucha. Then, it came up with the theoretical framework which relates all reviewed theories and a concept of the research. 1. Type and Aspect of Presentation There are some considerations in developing a presentation. According to Matthews 1994, in his book Speaking Solution: Interaction, Presentation, Listening and Pronunciation Skills, in starting to develop a presentation, presenters need to consider their speaking situation in terms of the following: selecting a subject, narrowing the subject to a topic, analyzing the audience and meeting special guidelines. They can also determine how well a person does the presentation. 9 Each aspect of presentation should be regarded by a presenter in order to make the presentation well-organized to be delivered. There are some factors that are influencing students‟ performance in having presentation. The first factor is the condition when the presentations are made such as physical setting and layout, the approach taken to questions and comments, ground rules and etiquette. The second is the strategy applied by the students to communicate their material effectively to the audiences. The third is the impact of listening and presenting experiences. The last is the role pre-presentation guidance and post-presentation feedback. The presentation itself is an activity in which someone shows, describes or explains something to a group of people. There are various kinds of individual presentation. One of the newest techniques of presentation is that Pecha Kucha. According to Dytham 2015, Pecha Kucha is a simple presentation format where a presenter shows twenty images, each for twenty seconds. The images forward automatically and the presenter talks along the images. To finish the presentation, it will spend six minutes forty seconds in total twenty pictures. The presentation is created using Power Point or any other presentation software. a. Materials A material plays an important role for teaching especially in teaching speaking. In Pecha Kucha, a teacher gives task to students to make their own materials individually. The students have to prepare twenty images or pictures in 10 an automatic slide then they have to speak regarding each picture. Sometimes, it needs written and oral materials to be prepared before conducting Pecha Kucha. The materials of Pecha Kucha given by a teacher are developed by students individually. This can be categorized as a Task-Based Approach which means the teacher gives task towards the students. Task-based learning TBL is an approach for foreign language L2 learning and teaching. It is also a teaching methodology in which classroom tasks constitute the main focus of instructions Richards, Schmidt, Platt, 2003. b. Pecha Kucha Student‟s presentations enable students to learn from their peers and provide an opportunity to organize materials for a public presentation. Many students choose to use PowerPoint for their presentations, but then read straight from the slides or put too much information on each slide. The focus of the present study is to examine student‟s interest and retention of presented material using Pecha Kucha, a new presentation style designed to minimize some of the old behavior of traditional PowerPoint presentations. 1 A brief history of Pecha Kucha Pecha Kucha is a presentation style in which twenty slides are shown for twenty seconds each six minutes and forty seconds in total. The presentation format was devised by Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham of Klein Dytham architecture. Sometimes, there were some meetings to have such kind of