Behavior therapy Humanistic therapy

21 dealing with children with special needs and finally she got her Master Degree of special needs at Montana States University in 1975. She had many experiences in educationpsychology such as Title III special education auxiliary in 1969-1972, Title III special education teacherlearning support person in 1973-1974, regular education teacher in 1974, private clinical therapy in 1975-1976, special education teacher in 1976-1977 and etc. Besides, she had also worked as volunteer like consultant with autism unit in 1981-1983, counselor with North Wales Childline in 1987-1991, president of North Wales Childline in 1988-1989, counselor with Samaritans in 1996-1998 and many others. Torey’s first published book was based on her private notes about her student entitled One Child and it became a world best-selling book and was translated into many languages. Since that, Torey actively wrote many books with same genre such as Somebody Else’s Kids 1982, Murphy’s Boy 1983, The Sunflower Forest 1984, Just Another Kid 1988, Ghost Girl 1991 and many others. Novel Ghost Girl consists of 419 pages and it is divided into 27 chapters. Most of the chapters in the novel are full of narration from the teacher’s point of view and there are some dialogues between the characters. The novel Ghost Girl tells about a psychologist who firstly worked in a clinic with some psychiatrists and psychologist with ability to deal with some children with special needs. Then, she moved to a little town named Peril. In Peril, she worked as a teacher for a class with four students with special needs. There were Reuben who had an autistic disorder, Philip who was premature-born from a drug user, Jeremiah who was really emotional and shrewish, and Jadie who had a 22 selective mutism disorder. Jadie did never speak, even never coughed, laughed, looked sleepy, and sighed. Further, this novel tells mostly about Jadie. Jadie’s behaviors showed the consideration of abnormal behaviors especially selective mutism since she refused to speak with other people. Torey tried to approach her and solved Jadie’s problem with courage, compassion and dedication that really showed the tremendous power of love. Therefore, she tried to reveal the causes of Jadie’s abnormal behaviors by digging Jadie’s past experiences. Finally, all the causes were revealed, Jadie lived with foster parents and continued her study by going to the public school and she became more open-minded and openhearted as well, while Mr. Ekdahl was put in jail because the fact proved that Mr. Ekdahl did crimes to an eight-year-old girl.

B. Approach of the Study

Analyzing the problem formulation of this study, the researcher applied psychological approach. This approach is usually used for analyzing the character and characterization in novel and the author’s psychology. In this study, this approach was used to help the researcher to understand the character and characterization of Jadie deeper. Therefore, the researcher could compare the characteristics of Jadie as a student with selective mutism and the characteristics of selective mutism according to some theories.