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requires the focused technical and political attention of the Parties as potentially the most promising instrument.
There are good reasons for combining it with instruments that address responsibility on other levels: Sectoral level: e.g. through auctioning of allowanceslevies in international aviation and maritime
transportation, since these sectors already contribute significantly, increasingly and in an unregulated manner to climate change; and
Individual levels: e.g. through an international aviation passenger levy, since individuals who can afford to pay international flights generally belong to those with more resources and higher carbon emissions.
Flexible mechanisms: e.g. through the extension of the share of proceeds to Joint Implementation in case it will remain as a mechanism after 2012
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and Emission Trading.
1.3 Governance The adaptation funding regime should entail its own fair governance structure that decides priorities and
procedures for resource expenditure under the authority and guidance of the COP. Management and governance of the resources must be transparent and representative, with a developing country majority, special
consideration of the most vulnerable countries and inclusion of non-governmental stakeholders. The governance structure of the AF may serve as a model for the future regime.
2. Expanded cooperation and support for National Adaptation Plannning and Implementation:
A key purpose must be to support developing country governments in their own efforts to advance successful and effective national adaptation planning and implementation. CAN thinks that a one-size-fits-all approach
would not be appropriate, given the diverse nature of possible actions to increase the adaptive capacity. Thus, it is vital that the adaptation funding regime supports developing countries in their adaptation planning in a flexible
manner, based on priorities identified in transparent and inclusive processes, and contains sufficient resources for implementation of the necessities identified rather than limit support to the preparation of strategies or plans.
Given the early stage of adaptation implementation, capacity building on all levels will be vital.
Developing countries may chose from different instruments which in their view, based on their national circumstances and sustainable development priorities identified in transparent and inclusive processes, may be
the most suitable approaches to bring forward adaptation in national planning. Many Least Developed Countries have gained substantial experience through the NAPA process, other vulnerable countries would appreciate
being supported in similar processes.
2.1 Long-term Adaptation Action Strategies: The integration of climate risks - both extreme events and slow
on-set risks - , risk reduction and adaptation into governments’ policies and development strategies is crucial to
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See CAN’s submission on “Views regarding the second review of the Kyoto Protocol under Article 9”, 19 September 2008, which calls for exploring whether JI is still needed for certain countries given that they have economy-wide emissions
reduction commitments.
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safeguard progress in sustainable development and poverty reduction and to build climate-resilient societies. Thus, CAN suggests that developing Long-term Adaptation Action Strategies to become an integral part of the
future adaptation framework and should include the following:
The principles outlined under I.4 shall also apply to the development of these long-term adaptation strategies; This is particularly necessary to allow civil society and other stakeholders to hold
governments accountable and monitor their decisions and activities; Preparation and implementation should build on existing experience and guiding frameworks, such as
the Hyogo Framework for Action on Disaster Risk Reduction 2005,
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with the aim to integrate the prevention and reduction of climate-related risks into national development planning;
Developing countries would receive financial support from the adaptation funding regime to have covered the costs of developing and implementing the Long-term Adaptation Action Strategies. The
needs of developing countries most vulnerable to climate change, are prioritised; Developing countries may chose to develop intermediary instruments to implement their long-term
adaptation strategies, such as through specific plans which outline key progress to be achieved and activities to be taken in a limited timeframe.
2.2 Concrete adaptation projects and programmes: While developing long-term adaptation strategies and
promoting the integration of adaptation, the implementation of concrete adaptation projects and programmes is still urgently required, and will continue to do so for years. Developing country Parties must be supported by the
adaptation funding regime in planning and implementing such projects and programmes, based on the principles outlined under I.4 and national priorities identified in a transparent and inclusive process. The operations of the
Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol, including its principles and guidelines may serve as a very useful basis for this purpose after 2012.
3. Expanded action in the field of climate risk management, including an international insurance mechanism
In CAN’s view, enhanced action is needed to appropriately manage climate change risks, in particular those from extreme weather events. A comprehensive strategy under the UNFCCC must include both actions to
prevent and reduce climate-related risks see above and to help countries to cope with the costs and damages that climate-related disasters impose on them through an insurance mechanism. Such a mechanism needs a
strong institutional link to the disaster risk prevention and reduction activities as part of the Long-term Adaptation Action Strategies as described above.
CAN requests Parties to establish an international insurance mechanism as an integral element of a post- 2012 adaptation.
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Recommended by the UNISDR in Disaster risk and climate change, March 2008
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The international insurance mechanism Shall be funded through the adaptation funding regime and thus primarily by those Parties which are
most responsible for the cause of climate change and most capable to bear the costs; shall pool the risks over countries particularly at risk from extreme events and support responses in case
of very large weather catastrophes; should provide technical support and other forms of assistance to help countries cope with the increasing
frequency of medium-size disasters, including through expanding insurance solutions for the most vulnerable people;
should be designed in such a way that it offers incentives to prevent climate-related disasters as part of successful National Adaptation Planning see above, taking into account national circumstances and
capabilities.
4. Adaptation Technology mechanism
