Contents
Acknowledgements vi Acronyms
vii Executive summary
x 1. Introduction
1 2. Definition of clusters, agro-based clusters and related concepts
3
2.1 Definition of clusters 3
2.2 Agro-based clusters 3
2.3 Related concepts 6
3. Literature review on cluster theory and practice 9
3.1 Global inventories of clusters 9
3.2 Gaps identified in global cluster studies 10
3.3 The increasing importance of clusters in developing countries 12
3.4 An introduction to agro-based clusters from developing countries 13
4. Agro-based clusters in Latin America 15
4.1 Introduction to Latin American agro-based clusters 15
4.2 Wine clusters 15
4.2.1 Latin American wine clusters: some figures 16
4.2.2 Wine clusters’ evolution over time 17
4.2.3 The upgrading of the Latin American wine clusters 18
4.3 Fruit clusters 23
4.3.1 Latin American fruit clusters: some figures 23
4.3.2 Evolution over time of the Latin American fruit clusters 25
4.3.3 Factors contributing to the success of Latin American fruit clusters 25
4.4 The salmon cluster in Chile 27
4.4.1 Chilean salmon cluster: some figures 28
4.4.2 Chilean salmon clusters’ evolution over time 28
4.4.3 The upgrading of the Chilean salmon clusters 28
4.5 Cut-flower clusters 31
4.5.1 Cut-flower clusters: some figures 31
4.5.2 Cut-flower clusters’ evolution over time 32
4.5.3 The upgrading of cut-flower clusters 33
4.6 Coffee cluster in Nicaragua 35
4.6.1 Some figures 35
4.6.2 The evolution of the coffee cluster over time 35
5. Agro-based clusters in Asia 37
5.1 Introduction to clusters in Asia 37
5.2 GAP cluster in Thailand 38
5.2.1 The Western GAP Cluster and its context: some figures 38
5.2.2 The emergence of collective action 38
5.2.3 The future of the cluster 39
5.3 Root crop processing cluster in Dong Lieu, Viet Nam 40
5.3.1 The Dong Lieu root crop processing cluster: some figures 40
5.3.2 The structure of the cluster 41
5.3.3 The upgrading of the cluster 42
5.3.4 Limitations of the cluster 42
5.4 Grape cluster in Maharashtra, India 43
5.4.1 The Maharashtra grape cluster: some figures 43
5.4.2 The evolution of the grape cluster 43
5.4.3 Factors contributing to the success of Maharashtra grape cluster 44
5.4.4 Limitations of the cluster 46
5.5 Chinese livestock clusters 48
5.5.1 Chinese livestock clusters: some figures 48
5.5.2 The evolution of Chinese livestock clusters 48
5.5.3 The upgrading of the clusters 48
6. Agro-based clusters in Africa 51
