Upgrading the poor’s grade

347 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

1. Upgrading the poor’s grade

It is impossible to completely eradicate poverty. Fulfillment of basic needs is one of the most crucial right of the citizens yet the most difficult affair to deal with. The problem of basic needs fulfillment is one of the state’s hardest duties. On the other hand, the state needs poverty as a counterweight in running a dynamic governance. In the absence of pov- erty, the role of accessibility and welfare guarantor through regulation can not be executed. Therefore, the most realistic thing that the state or poverty observers can do is upgrading the grade of the poor through various programs-not freeing them from poverty. There are various programs that can be employed to upgrade the poor’s grade which are set by various parties. In government level, the PNPM- Mandiri program National Empowering Program For Independent So- ciety is a superior policy. This program is a transformation from poverty mitigation program which was launched in the early days of the reform era. Private sectors also take part in raising the grade of the poor. Corpo- rate Social Responsibility CSR program initiated by national and multi- national corporations is an example of private sector’s concern on pov- erty. In line with that, the society empowerment run by non-politic orga- nization, groups of interest, or efforts done by the society civilization called local wisdom also contributes to the policy of poverty in Indone- sia. The effort to raise the grade of the poor is basically divided into 4 variants Widhyharto, 2009. The variants are divided based on the han- dling models top down and bottom up because they serve as regula- tions set up by a structured state with its integrative scope because every poor citizen will be affected by the implication of the state’s decision. Secondly, private spheres set up by the society are private oriented al- though they collaborate with the policy maker the state. Any decision made by this sphere is usually top-down because it is usually adapted with internal structuring and is partial because the poors who are going to be upgraded have limitations. The Relationship Between State And Society: Managing Poverty Through Local Wisdom SRI DJOHARWINARLIN http:dx.doi.org10.18196jgp.2012.0018 348 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Source: Widhyharto; 2009 FIGURE: VARIANT MODEL TO UPGRADE THE POOR’S GRADE Fourthly, the society’s real condition is in the partial scope due to the limited economic and social capital and it employs bottom-up model by relying on local wisdom that has become the preserved culture in society’s tradition. The society tries to survive with their hereditary tradition. On the other hand, one of the factors that hinders the effort to mini- mize poverty is being at risk of disaster and society’s unpreparedness to face that possibility. Consequently, a region in which its people are not ready to face the nature condition will be difficult to be alleviated and to be released from poverty due to the absence of local wisdom that can respond to disaster. On the other hand, a region that has social capital as its mitigation system will have no difficulty to free its society from pov- erty. Researchs that had been done was limited to identifying the pattern of upgrading the poor’s grade in the four quadrant- or at least limited to retaining the poverty level through traditions and customs. They are aca- demically called local wisdom which has been hereditary preserved and has become a part of the social values. This research focused on identify- ing local wisdom which has been developed among the society of a prone- disaster area and that has flexibility to crisis that may occur any time read: mitigation system. Objects that will be mainly discussed are ten basic needs based on MDGs Millenium Development Goals measure. First, food quality. Sec- ond, health access and health quality service. Third, education access and education service quality. Fourth, access to work oportunity. Fifth, access to housing service. Sixth, access to clean water and sanitation. Seventh, The Relationship Between State And Society: Managing Poverty Through Local Wisdom SRI DJOHARWINARLIN http:dx.doi.org10.18196jgp.2012.0018 349 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ assurance of ownership and land control. Eighth, the condition of natu- ral resources and environment. Ninth, security assurance. Tenth, partici- pation. RESEARCH METHODS This research used descriptive analytic design. The object that was stud- ied was the coordination of assistance. The technique in collecting the data was through observation, interview with the respondent, written answers, and documentary study. The primary data were obtained through observation, interview, direct and indirect written answers from all sub- jects in the scope of coordination of assistance. The secondary data con- sisted of documents – notes, archive, and report – that are used to test the data accuracy and the information was obtained through triangula- tion. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

1. Gunungkidul’s Local Wisdom