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Principles of Teaching Writing Approaches in Teaching EFL Writing

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c. Principles of Teaching Writing

The following are few principles of teaching writing proposed by Nunan 2003:92-94: 1 Understand learners’ reasons for writing; 2 Provide many opportunities for learners to write; 3 Make feedback helpful and meaningful; and 4 Clarify for yourself and learners, how their writing will be evaluated. Meanwhile Nation 2009:93-94 proposes four principles for teaching writing used to evaluate teaching and learning activities, and to evaluate a writing course or the writing section of a language course to make sure that learners are getting a good range of opportunities for learning: 1 Meaning-focused Input learners should bring experience and knowledge to their writing; 2 Meaning-focused Output learners should do lots of writing and lots of different kind of writing; 3 Language-focused Learning; 4 Fluency Development.

d. Approaches in Teaching EFL Writing

Genre Based Approach Badger and White 2000:155-156 point out, in the genre approach the knowledge of language is intimately attached to a social purpose, and more focus is on the viewpoint of the reader than that of the writer. Writing is mostly viewed as the learners’ reproduction of text based on the genre offered by the teacher. Learning takes place through imitation and exploration of different kinds of models. 5 Dudley-Evans in Badger and White, 2000:155-156 identifies three stages in genre approaches to writing. First, a model of particular genre is introduced and analyzed. Learners can carry out exercises which manipulate relevant language forms and, finally, produce a short text. This parallels product approach very closely. Accordingly, learners should be exposed to many examples of the same genre to develop their ability to write a particular genre. Through exposure to similar texts, learners can detect the specialized configurations of that genre, and they also can activate their memories of prior reading or writing experiences whenever they encounter the task of creating a new piece in a familiar genre.

e. Components of Evaluating Learners’ Writing

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