QUASI-MENTAL RETARDED REPRESENTED IN SPEECH ACT OF FORREST’S UTTERANCES IN FORREST GUMP MOVIE.

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QUASI-MENTAL RETARDED REPRESENTED IN SPEECH

ACT OF FORREST’S UTTERANCES IN

FORREST GUMP

MOVIE

A THESIS

Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By:

FEISAL MUHAMMAD

Registration Number : 2121220005

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2017

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ABSTRACT

Muhammad, Feisal. 2121220005. Quasi-Mental Retarded Represented in Speech Act of Forrest’s Utterances in Forrest Gump Movie. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.

The study entitled Quasi-Mental Retarded Represented in Speech Act of Forrest’s Utterances in Forrest Gump Movie. The objectives of the study were to find out the types of speech acts found in Forrest’s utterances of Forrest Gump Movie and to describe the function speech acts were used by main character that had a mental retardation. The study was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative design. The data of the study were utterances that used by main character in Forrest Gump movie, and there were 620 utterances found in Forrest’s utterances. Yule’s theory deals with types of speech acts were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that the types of speech acts were realized in Forrest’s utterances with the ratio; Declaration acts were 24 (3,87%), Representative acts were 443 (71,45%), Expressive acts were 44 (7,11%), Directive acts were 85 (13,70%) and Commissive acts were 24 (3,87%). The representative acts was one of speech acts type that most dominant uttered by Forrest in Forrest Gump Movie. It showed that mental retardation disorder wanted to represent a world as they believe.

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Pages

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF APPENDICES ... vi

LIST OF TABLES ... vii

LIST OF FIGURES ... viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 6

C. The Objective of the Study ... 6

D. The Scope of the Study ... 6

E. The Significance of the Study ... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8

A. Theoretical Framework ... 8

1. Pragmatic ... 8

2. Speech Act ... 9

a. Locutionary Act ... 9

b. Illocutionary Act ... 10

c. Perlocutionary Act ... 10

3. Classification of Speech Acts ... 11

a. Declarations ... 11

b. Representatives ... 11

c. Expressives ... 12

d. Directive ... 13

e. Commissives ... 13

4. Literature ... 14

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b. Characters ... 14

5. Mental Retarded ... 15

6. Characteristic of Mental Retarded ... 15

7. Forrest Gump Movie ... 16

B. Relevant Studies ... 17

C. Conceptual Framework ... 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 23

A. Research Design ... 23

B. Data and Source of the Data ... 23

C. Technique for Collecting Data ... 24

D. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 25

CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 26

A. Data ... 26

B. Data Analysis ... 26

1. Analysis of The Use Declarations by Forrest ... 27

2. Analysis of The Use Representatives by Forrest ... 29

3. Analysis of The Use Expressive by Forrest ... 62

4. Analysis of The Use Directives by Forrest ... 64

5. Analysis of The Use Commissives by Forrest... 69

C. Research Findings... 71

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 73

A.Conclusion ... 73

B.Suggestion ... 74

REFERENCES ... 75

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages APPENDIX A ... 77 APPENDIX B ... 80 APPENDIX C ... 101

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LIST OF TABLES

Page Table 4.1 Table the total number and percentage of Speech Act’types ... 27

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viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Page 2.1 The Tree Diagram of Conceptual Framework ... 22

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.

The Background of the Study

Language is one of important tool to do a communication or interaction the two ways. It influences human life as the bridge to have relationship with other people or society. Utterances is one of the way use a language so ideas, messages and intentions can be deliver to another person. But sometimes the people do an interaction two ways through unstructured utterances communication. Actually there is no problem because the most important thing is how their utterance can deliver a meaning and can be accepted by another one. People do not only produce utterances containing grammatical structures sentences and words, but they should that shows action in their utterances or speech so that their meaning or desire can be delivered to another one. (Yule,1996:47)

Many kinds study which we learn about language in an interaction two ways. One of them is pragmatics. Pragmatics is a study which learns about meaning of speaker. It means that it is one of study which how the context a meaning in the utterances of speaker can be delivered and accepted by listener. The advantages learn this study deeper is one can talk about people’s meaning, their goals, feelings, desire, assumptions and the kinds of action when they are performing when they speak. In this study, the listener does not only

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understand about meaning of speaker but understand about context of interpreting utterances. Deixis and distance, references and inference, presuppotition and entailment, cooperation and implicature, speech act and events, politeness and interaction are a study about pragmatics. But here, the writes just focus to speech acts.

Speech acts means a study about saying and doing. It means that someone does not only simply say the words but he or she also at the same time uses them to do things. Speech acts perform when people makes an utterances such as apology, greeting, request, complain, invitation, compliment and refusal. Actually, speech act study is importance for everyone. The one importance of studying speech act is to make someone can comprehend what message has been interpreted in every utterance of speaker. It can be called speech if there is an ability of language which is owned by speaker to convey their messages in communication. The listener can interpreted their messages appropriate context of speaker. To make clear about the meaning from utterance which speaker said, Yule (1996:53) has made a one general classification system lists five types of general functions performed by speech acts. They are declarations, representative, expressive, directive, commissives. Here, writer will explain about five type of general functions is performed by speech act. The first is declarations are statements which change the state something in the world through utterances. Second is representatives are statement which describe or explain about true event in the world through utterances. Third is expressive are statement which express

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about inner of speaker like thanking, apologizing, welcoming, joy, like, dislike complaining etc. Fourth is directive are statement which express to ask the listener to do something like requesting, commanding, advising etc. And last is commissives are statements which commit the speaker to some future course of action. This type of this speech can be analyzed to identify every utterance of data that is gotten by writer.

In addition, speaker does not only speak a language that contain a grammatical or structure in the language but speaker also must interpret the speaker’s meaning to the listener. And the speaker should make a listener understand about what is the speaker said. Speech act just perform in conversation or dialogue which performed by speaker and listener. Movie is one media which shows a perform conversation between speaker and listener because there is a dialogue that is used by character to do a conversation in the movie.

Many people like watching a movie. Are they a comedy, war, biography, thriller, horror, action, sci-fi, or drama genres. But not all of them understand about intended meaning of every utterance’s meaning which speaker said in dialogue in the movie. Movie is defined as a motion picture which considered especially as a source of entertainment. Actually story in the movie can influence to someone daily’s life because the movie has a moral values and attitudes values there.

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Forrest Gump is one movie which is a romantic-comedy-drama genre at 1994 by Robert Zemeckis. It tells about a story a man who name is a Forrest. Forrest has a disorder which its name is mental retardation disorder. Mental Retardation disorder is a particular state of functioning that begins in childhood and is characterized by decreased intelligence and adaptive skills and also is the most common developmental disorder. It means that this disorder will be formed someone be a character who has decreased intelligence. Immediately, it will disturb the process of conversation to listener because there is misunderstanding meaning between speakers to listener. Every utterance of this character who has a mental retardation disorder in Forrest Gump movie is suitable to analyzed through pragmatics study, especially based on speech act theory because speech act is study about how to meaning of speaker is interpreted by listener.

There have been some previous studies that related to character. Rui (2014) has analyzed about the influences of Forrest Gump’s Character on his language characteristics in Film Forrest Gump. He states that Gump has mental retardation and his IQ is just 75. He makes this statement because the main character still can do an interaction to another people although main character does not understand about meaning and use of functional words. There are scene when Gump saves his best friend namely Bubba. When Bubba was dying in the war, he asked Gump “Why do this happen, Forrest?” and Gump answered “You got shot”. Actually, in Bubba’s words, the words “this” meant the war and the attack. Why does the war happen? Bubba was

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recollecting the war. He asked “why” instead “how”. Gump cross questions and crooked answers and answered “you got shot”. The mistakes happened because he misunderstood the functional word “this”. From state above that the character has a problem about meaning and functional words.

On the other hand, there are some studies related with speech act analysis of the main character in the movie. Isnawati at all (2015) analyze about speech act of main character in Shrek Movie Script. This research concerns with speech acts produced by the main character in Shrek movie script. The aims of this research are to describe the types of speech acts and to analyze the most dominant speech acts produced by the main character. Besides, the aim of this research is also to know and describe the purposes of Shrek as the main character to use speech acts. The result of this research shows that the four types of speech acts produced by Shrek are directives, representatives, expressives, and commissives. This study shows that the dominant speech acts used is directives. It reaches 44%. It indicates that Shrek uses directives because he wants to make the hearer do something. Besides, Shrek also wants to be admitted by the people that he is actually a kind ogre.

The writer will explain that this study focuses on analyzing the function types of speech act based on Yule categories general function in every utterances of Forrest in Forrest Gump Movie. The writer choose speech acts theory because the writer ever study speech acts in the class, and this study discus deal about meaning, in addition learn about how speaker delivers

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function of speech act are used by mental retardation disorder of Forrest in Forrest Gump Movie

B. The Problems of the Study

The problem of study will be formulated in this study as following.

1. What types function of speech acts are used by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie?

2. How do the function speech acts are used dominantly by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie?

C. The Objective of the Study

Related to the problem of study, the objectives of the study of this research are as follows:

1. To identify the type function of speech acts are by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie.

2. To describe the function speech acts are used dominantly by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie. D. The Scope of the Study

In this study, the data is limited to the utterances that are produces by Quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in movie entitled Forrest Gump movie.

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E. The Significance of the Study

The result of the study was expected to be useful and relevant theoretically and practically.

1. It expected to theoretically give a contribution for :

a) The result of this study is expected to give something for all people who want to study about linguistic, especially about speech act

2. It expected to practically give a contribution for:

a). Researcher wants to make further the knowledge about study of utterances especially pragmatic based on speech acts theory to a character that has a mental retarded in Forrest Gump Movie.

b). The other researchers, in order to improve knowledge about pragmatic study that is speech acts and related to mental retarded disorder.

c). Society, in order to get a intended meaning of main character’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie which main character has a mental retarded disorder.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that:

1. There are five types of speech acts namely; declarations 24 (3,87%), representative 443 (71,45%), expressive 44 (7,11%), directives 85

(13,70%) and commissive 24 (3,87%) are applied in Forrest Gump’s

utterances.

2. The representative type is the most dominant uttered by main character Forrest Gump in Forrest Gump. It is 443 (71,45%)

3. From the previous analysis, it can be seen that representatives generally used by Forrest Gump who has a mental retardation in Forrest Gump Movie. It shows that mental retardation disorder wants to represent a world as they believe to share to listener. They always convey what they know about a fact despite on listener does not like what they uttered. It also shows that mental retardation does not see what listener understand

about speaker’s belief. For them, especially mental retardation disorder,

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B. Suggestion

In relation to the conclusion above, some suggestions are given as bellow:

1. It is suggested that the people who wants to learn about speech act especially for reader this thesis know how important speech act is used in communication especially to avoid the misunderstanding communication. 2. For other researcher, this research could be one reference in studying

about speech act. Especially for researcher wants to relate this study with another knowledge.

3. For society, this research will give any information about main character in Forrest Gump movie. It can help the society how the language is used by main character in general communication.

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REFERENCES

Akinwotu.2013.“Speech Act Analysis of the Acceptance of Nomination Speeches of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Chief M.K.O Abiola”. English Linguistic Research. Vol.2. p 1 – 9

Armatas.2009. “Mental Retardation: Definitions, Etiology, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis”.Journal of Sport and Health Research. Vol.1.2. p 112-121 Ilyas,S., and Kushi,Q.2012. “Facebook Status Updates : A Speech Act Analysis”.

Academic Research International. Vol 3. (2). P 1 – 8

Isnawati,f., and et all.2015. “Speech Act Analysis of the Main Character in Shrek Movie Script”. Publika Budaya.Vol.1. (3).P 60 – 64

Mey,J.L. 1994. Pragmatics : an introduction .London : Basic Blackwell

Meyer, J.1997. “What is a Literature”.Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistic.Vol.41. p 1-10

NICHCY.2013. ”Mental Retardation”. National Information for Children and Youth with Disabilities.p.1-4

Roy,B.2011. “Adjustment Problems of Educable Mentally Retarded”. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication.Vol.2.p 1-5 Rui,Y.2014. “The Influences of Forrest Gump’s Characters on His Language

Characteristics in Film Forrest Gump”. Canadian Social Science.Vol.10.p 221-228

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function of speech act are used by mental retardation disorder of Forrest in Forrest Gump Movie

B. The Problems of the Study

The problem of study will be formulated in this study as following.

1. What types function of speech acts are used by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie?

2. How do the function speech acts are used dominantly by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie?

C. The Objective of the Study

Related to the problem of study, the objectives of the study of this research are as follows:

1. To identify the type function of speech acts are by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie.

2. To describe the function speech acts are used dominantly by quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie. D. The Scope of the Study

In this study, the data is limited to the utterances that are produces by Quasi-mental retarded of Forrest’s utterances in movie entitled Forrest Gump movie.

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E. The Significance of the Study

The result of the study was expected to be useful and relevant theoretically and practically.

1. It expected to theoretically give a contribution for :

a) The result of this study is expected to give something for all people who want to study about linguistic, especially about speech act

2. It expected to practically give a contribution for:

a). Researcher wants to make further the knowledge about study of utterances especially pragmatic based on speech acts theory to a character that has a mental retarded in

Forrest Gump Movie.

b). The other researchers, in order to improve knowledge about pragmatic study that is speech acts and related to mental retarded disorder.

c). Society, in order to get a intended meaning of main character’s utterances in Forrest Gump Movie which main

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73 A. Conclusions

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that:

1. There are five types of speech acts namely; declarations 24 (3,87%), representative 443 (71,45%), expressive 44 (7,11%), directives 85 (13,70%) and commissive 24 (3,87%) are applied in Forrest Gump’s utterances.

2. The representative type is the most dominant uttered by main character Forrest Gump in Forrest Gump. It is 443 (71,45%)

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B. Suggestion

In relation to the conclusion above, some suggestions are given as bellow:

about speech act. Especially for researcher wants to relate this study with another knowledge.

3. For society, this research will give any information about main character in Forrest Gump movie. It can help the society how the language is used by main character in general communication.

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Akinwotu.2013.“Speech Act Analysis of the Acceptance of Nomination Speeches of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Chief M.K.O Abiola”. English Linguistic

Research. Vol.2. p 1 – 9

Armatas.2009. “Mental Retardation: Definitions, Etiology, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis”.Journal of Sport and Health Research. Vol.1.2. p 112-121

Ilyas,S., and Kushi,Q.2012. “Facebook Status Updates : A Speech Act Analysis”.

Academic Research International. Vol 3. (2). P 1 – 8

Isnawati,f., and et all.2015. “Speech Act Analysis of the Main Character in Shrek

Movie Script”. Publika Budaya.Vol.1. (3).P 60 – 64

Mey,J.L. 1994. Pragmatics : an introduction .London : Basic Blackwell

Meyer, J.1997. “What is a Literature”.Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistic.Vol.41. p 1-10

NICHCY.2013. ”Mental Retardation”. National Information for Children and Youth with Disabilities.p.1-4

Roy,B.2011. “Adjustment Problems of Educable Mentally Retarded”.

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication.Vol.2.p 1-5

Rui,Y.2014. “The Influences of Forrest Gump’s Characters on His Language Characteristics in Film Forrest Gump”. Canadian Social Science.Vol.10.p

221-228

QUASI-MENTAL RETARDED REPRESENTED IN SPEECH ACT OF FORREST’S UTTERANCES IN FORREST GUMP MOVIE.