surface preparation of the base, electroless copperplating, pattern printing and masking, electroplating, and etching.
Printed wiring assemblies consist of components attached to one or both sides of the printed circuit board. The attachment may be by through-hole technology, in
which the ”legs” of the components are inserted through holes in the board and are soldered in place from underneath, or by surface mount technology SMT, in which
components are attached to the surface by solder or conductive adhesive. The solder is generally a tin-lead alloy. In printed circuit boards of all types, drilled holes may
have to be copper-plated to ensure interconnections between the different copper layers. SMT, which eliminates the drilled holes, allows much denser packing of
components, especially when components are mounted on both sides. It also offers higher-speed performance and is gaining over through-hole technology.
1.2 Problem Background
The efficient coordination of design and production activities is a key challenge faced by all manufacturing companies. The lead time to introduce new
products and ramp-up production has a major impact on the responsiveness of a firm to market change and thus, its profitability.
Apart from studying the data requirements, manufacturing decision and planning problems, this paper would discusses the benefits of an efficient Database
Management System DBMS in term of the improvements in production time, engineering time and the product or process quality. Finally, future trends for DBMS
will be given.
ICT is a generic term covering computers, broadcasting, telecommunications, data networks and smart components which are being increasingly applied in diverse
uses. It can be defined as the totality of the electronic means to collect, store, process and present information to the end-users in support of their activities, and consists of
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computer systems, data communication systems, knowledge systems, office systems and consumer electronics.
ICT allows trade to become simpler and more streamlined, thus increasing the value and speed of transactions. One major advantage of promoting electronic
commerce is that it can provide relatively cheap access to global markets even for small and medium-sized enterprises in remote areas. The globalization of production
and componentization of production units through the use of ICT focuses attention on the infrastructural and governance conditions and institutions within a country.
The expanding range of applications of information and communication technology ICT which helps to increase the efficiency and flexibility of production,
marketing, financial and administrative activities for both the private and the public sectors presents new multifaceted and important complications for governments.
These applications offer enormous opportunities to enhance the competitiveness of industry, increase the returns from trade, attract foreign direct investment and other
forms of external capital, increase the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into the value chain, and enhance the service provided by the financial
sector.
Almost every aspect of society is affected by ICT. Manufacturing industry uses ICT to control and plan production thus providing us with cheaper goods. As for
example, Computer Aided Design increases productivity of design staff and allows costing and production scheduling to be modelled before production is undertaken.
This can be developed into Computer Aided Manufacturing where the actual production is controlled by computers using data output from the CAD design stage.
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1.3 Objectives of the Research
