The Method to Load and Unload an as Holding Mechanism 43

x LIST OF FIGURE 2.1 Welding Process 5 2.2 Application of Robot Welding 6 2.3 Jigs and Fixtures 7 2.4 Vise as Fixture 8 2.5 Example of Welding Fixture 8 2.6 Manual Welding Fixture 9 2.7 Welding Mild Steel . 10 2.8 Hot Welding Process . 11 2.9 Example of Design From CAFD Software . 17 2.10 CAFD Verification System 18 2.11 Finite Element Analysis Method FEM 19 2.12 Flowchart of Designing and Developing the Product 20 2.13 House of Quality Template . 23 3.1 Process Flowchart 28 3.2 Existing Product as Benchmark . 31 4.1 The Experience of Respondents Conducting Welding Operation Before 38 4.2 The Numbers of Respondents Agree to develop a New Tool . 39 4.3 Type of Welding Process Usually Performed at Lab 40 4.4 Welding Length that Usually Performed 41 4.5 The Need to Perform Circular Welding 42

4.6 The Method to Load and Unload an as Holding Mechanism 43

4.7 The Tool Fixture that Respondents More Prefer 44 4.8 The Position of Fixture that Respondents Prefer to be 45 xi 4.9 The Purpose of Welding Fixture to be Made 46 4.10 House of Quality 49 4.11 Design for Concept A 50 4.12 Design for Concept B 51 4.13 Design for Concept C 52 4.14 Design for Concept D 53 4.15 Existing Product 54 4.16 Concept B Drawing by AutoCAD 61 4.17 Different Positions of Welding Fixture 61 4.18 Concept B with Four Different Parts 62 4.19 Clamping in Welding Fixture 64 4.20 Welding Fixture Product 70 4.21 Workpiece that been Weld Using Welding Fixture 71 4.22 Respondent that Agree this Tool can Improve Learning Process 74 4.23 End Users Agree a Tool Reduce Heat Distortion and Time Consumption 75 4.24 Respondents that Agree to Use Welding Fixture During Lab Session 76 4.25 Respondents that said Welding Fixture can Improve Weld Quality 77 xii LIST ABBREVIATION, SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURES BOM - Bill of Material CAD - Computer Aided Design CAFD - Computer Aided Fixture Design CAFDV - Computer Aided Fixture Design Verification CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing CAPP - Computer Aided Process Planning FKP - Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan HOQ - House of Quality GA - Genetic Algorithm QFD - Quality Function Deployment UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 1 This chapter provides summary of the intended project. It consists of background of project, problem statement, objectives, scope and importance of the study.

1.1 Background of Project