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CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
This section presents the theoretical description and the discussion. The theoretical description presents the main theories that are going to be used in this
study. The discussion consists of the formulated problem, the solution and how the solution is implemented. The theories that are used are: the nature of pronunciation,
songs, the nature of motivation, and cooperative language learning.
A. The Nature of Pronunciation
In communicating with other people, pronunciation is really important. If the pronunciation is unclear, it causes ambiguity in understanding the meaning. As
stated by Kenworthy 1997, in pronouncing the words, intelligibility is really important to avoid ambiguity in communi
cation. Intelligibility means “being understood by a listener at a given time in a given situation”p. 13 She also mentions
the factor which affects the intelligibility in pronunciation, i. e. the hesitancy in pronouncing words cause the speakers to make the pronunciation problems. Thus, the
listeners get the difficulty in understanding it. Kenworthy 1997 explains the example of sources that cause the
intelligibility problems related to the sounds p. 17. They are sound substitutions, sound deletions and sound insertions.
7 1.
Sound substitutions occur when a speaker substitutes one sound for another. This causes the difficulties for the listener.
2. Sound deletions occur when the speaker leaves out a sound.
3. Sound insertions occur when the speaker add sounds in pronouncing the
word. In a classroom, the teacher has to be the good model for their students in
pronouncing English words clearly. It means that the teacher needs to give an appropriate example how to pronounce English words. The difficulty that students
face related to the pronunciation is they do not practice to speaking in English frequently. Students are afraid to make mistakes when they speak English. As the
result, they tend to decrease the volume or they even hesitate to speak. The teachers need to use the appropriate teaching media to teach the
students. In pronunciation, Kenworthy 1997 suggests that it would be better if the media in teaching pronunciation contain the native language as it gives a clear
example of the native language and the students would imitate the sounds precisely p.4.
1. Pronunciation
As stated by Nunan 2003, pronunciation is the sounds that people make while they are speaking. The sounds people produce are used as a communication
tool p. 112. In learning English, the teachers have a responsibility to help the students to pronounce the English words intelligibly so that the meaning of the words
8 can be delivered correctly Kenworthy, 1997. The students need to improve their
pronunciation ability in order to use English properly in their daily communication. When the students do not improve their pronunciation it can make miscommunication
in speaking. The students usually pronounce English words by using their accent or their
mother tongue style. It makes them find the difficulty to pronounce English words with the correct sounds. The students tend to pronounce the words by their spelling.
Kenworthy 1997 agrees that English teachers often find the students get the difficulty in learning pronunciation because they are confused with the English
accent.
B. Songs
Simms 1993 states, “a song is a short of piece in one concise movement for
the medium of solo voice and piano” p. 29. Moreover, Parto 1996 states “a song is a group of arrangements which consist of lyrics and elements of music like rhythm,
melody, harmony and expressions” p. 99. Moreover, Brewster, Ellis, and Girard 2002, pp. 162-163 explain that there are some positive impacts due to the use of
songs, rhymes, and chants in teaching and learning activities. In linguistic resources, the use of songs can improve all aspects of
pronunciation. The students will imitate how to pronounce many English words by singing and listening to the songs. When the atmosphere of teaching and learning
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