Why does this structure make sense? 6. Why does this structure make sense? Why does this structure make sense? 8. Why does this structure make sense?

253 5. Phosphorus trichloride, PCl 3 , contains one phosphorus atom and three chlorine atoms. In the Lewis structure, a central phosphorus is bonded to three chlorine atoms, each of which has three unshared pairs of electrons. Being a particle with no net charge and having all electrons in pairs, PCl 3 is classified as a molecule. Nitrogen, another element in group 5A on the periodic table, also forms a similar molecule with chlorine, NCl 3 . The Lewis structure of PCl 3 is drawn as: GO TO QUESTION 5 Æ 6. Chlorine trifluoride, ClF 3 , consists of a chlorine atom and three fluorine atoms. In the Lewis structure, each fluorine is joined by a single bond to the chlorine, which has two unshared pairs of electrons. Each fluorine atom has three unshared pairs. Being a particle with no net charge and having all electrons in pairs, ClF 3 is classified as a molecule. Like other period 3 elements with d orbitals available for bonding, chlorine is capable of exceeding an octet in certain instances. The Lewis structure of ClF 3 is drawn as: GO TO QUESTION 6 Æ : Cl P Cl : : Cl : .. .. .. .. .. .. : F Cl F : : F : .. .. .. .. .. 5. Why does this structure make sense? 6. Why does this structure make sense? 7. Dinitrogen, N 2 , commonly called just “nitrogen,” consists of two nitrogen atoms. In the Lewis structure, the two nitrogen atoms are held together by a triple bond. Each nitrogen atom has one unshared pair of electrons. Being a particle with no net charge and having all electrons in pairs, N 2 is classified as a molecule. The triple bond in N 2 is signified by three parallel lines. The Lewis structure of N 2 is drawn as: GO TO QUESTION 7 Æ 8. The nitrogen dioxide ion, NO 2 + , contains a nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. In the Lewis structure, each oxygen is joined to the central nitrogen by a double bond. Both oxygen atoms have two unshared pairs of electrons. Being a particle with a net charge of 1+, NO 2 + is classified as a polyatomic cation and the 1+ charge or simply “+” is written to the upper right side of brackets drawn around the structure. This is one of the few polyatomic cations encountered in chemistry and should not be confused with a similar formula, NO 2 – , which is an anion called nitrite. The Lewis structure of NO 2 + is drawn as: GO TO QUESTION 8 Æ : N N : O N O .. .. .. .. + 7. Why does this structure make sense? 8. Why does this structure make sense? 254 9. Sulfite ion, SO 3 2- , consists of one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms. In the Lewis structure, the central sulfur is bonded to three oxygen atoms by single bonds. The sulfur atom has one unshared pair of electrons and each oxygen atom has three unshared pairs. Being a particle with a net charge of 2-, SO 3 2- is classified as a polyatomic anion and the 2– charge is written to the upper right side of brackets drawn around the structure. Sulfur and oxygen combine to form several different compounds and polyatomic ions including SO 2 , SO 3 , SO 3 2- , SO 4 2- , and S 2 O 3 2- . The Lewis structure of SO 3 2- is drawn as: GO TO QUESTION 9 Æ 10. Hydrogen hypoiodite, HOI, contains a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and an iodine atom. In the Lewis structure, the atoms are held together by single bonds, in the order of hydrogen, oxygen, and then iodine. The oxygen has two unshared pairs of electrons while the iodine has three. Being a particle with no net charge and having all electrons in pairs, HOI is classified as a molecule. The oxygen and iodine obey the octet rule with eight electrons, but hydrogen always observes the rule with only two. The Lewis structure of HOI is drawn as: GO TO QUESTION 10 Æ : O : : O S O : .. .. .. .. .. .. 2– H O I : .. .. .. .. 9. Why does this structure make sense? 10. Why does this structure make sense?