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2.2 Definitions of Terms
The several term used that related with the study such as Global Positioning System GPS, Small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs,
Google Map, review of relevant theoretical model, and factor affecting the adoption.
2.2.1 Geographical Information System GIS
GIS is one of many information technologies that have transformed the ways geographers conduct research and contribute to society. In the past two decades,
these information technologies have had tremendous effects on research techniques specific to geography, as well as on the general ways in which scientists and scholars
communicate and collaborate Kenneth E. Foote and Margaret Lynch, 1995. A geographic information system or geographical information system GIS is a system
designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data Roger Tomlinson, 1968.
The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographic information science GIScience to refer to the academic discipline that studies geographic information
systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of geoinformatics. The term describes any information system that integrates, stores,
edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries user-created searches, analyze
spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. Geographic information science is the science underlying geographic concepts,
applications, and systems. The Global Positioning System is the responsibility of the Joint Program Office, a component of the Space and Missile Center at El Segundo,
California. In 1973, the Joint Program Office was directed by the US Department of Defense to establish, develop, test, acquire, and deploy a spaceborne positioning
system. The present navigation system with timing and ranging Global Positioning System GPS is the result of this initial directive. GPS was conceived as a ranging
system from known positions of satelites in space to unknown positions on land, at sea, in air and space. Effectively, the satelite signal is continually marked with its
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own transmission time so that when received the signal transit period can be measured with a synchronized receiver. The original objectives of GPS were the
instantaneous determination of position and velocity such as navigation, and the precise coordination of time such as time transfer.
Since the Department of Defense is the initiator of GPS, the primary goals were military ones. But the US Congress, with guidance from the President, directed
the Department of Defense to promote its civil use. This was greatly accelerated by the production of a “portable” codeless GPS receiver for geodetic surveying that
could measure short baselines to millimeter accuracy and long baselines to one part per million ppm. This instrument developed by C.Counselman and trade-named the
Macrometer Interferometric Surveyor was in commercial use at the time the military was still testing navigation receivers so that the first productive application of GPS
was to establish high-accuracy geodetic networks. GNSS — Global Navigation Satellite Systems, 2008.
Geographically referenced data consist of any type of measurement or observation, whether analog or digital, which have a known distribution across the
surface of the ground, and hence can be presented as a map. Data of this sort are fundamental to all phases of mineral exploration and involve geological, geophysical
and geo-chemical data along with topographic maps, aerial photographs, remote sensed imagery, mineral occurrence information, land use maps, drill hole location
maps and so on. Computer software programs designed to store, manipulate and present geographical data are known as geographical information systems GIS
Roger W. Marjoribanks, 1997.
The benefits of using GIS software has also been support by Bing Pan, John C. Crotts, and Brian Muller in their book ‘Information and Communication
Technologies in Tourism 2007’ that saying the handheld tour guide is based on mobile phones with a GPS antenna to communicate with Google Map and deliver
real-time and location-sensitive tourist information. Online Charleston trip planner combines destination specific information with Google Map to provide an interactive
trip planning tool based on the map metaphor. The handheld tour guide is slow and unstable due to memory limitations and slow Internet connection provided by the
mobile phone service. The online trip planner is being adopted by various hotels and conferences. The development effort demonstrated that Google Map API is a flexible
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tool with reasonable speed for developing destination-specific online services. For mobile tools, the computing power and wireless connections of small devices are the
bottlenecks when communicating with online services Bing Pan, John C. Crotts, Brian Muller, 2007.
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2.2.2 Google Map
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