The figure above illustrates the components and relationships present in a game. The relationships form three aspects are the following:
a. Challenge
Rules define the game and, consequently, the goal of the game. When players decide to participate in the game, they agree to
follow the rules. The goal motivates the players and drives the game forwards.
b. Conflict
The opponent which can include unpredictable humans and unpredictable random processes obstructs the players from
achieving the goal. Because the players do not have a comprehensive knowledge on the opponent, they cannot
determine precisely the opponent’s effect on the game. c.
Play The rules are abstract but they correspond to real-world objects.
This representation concretizes the game to the players. Here we can conclude that game is an enjoying activity restricted by
rules where the player having a competition to be the winner and aimed as relaxation activities.
3. The Fundamental Concept on Software
As it is said in the previous chapter, the term of software cannot be separated with computer. The word computer itself taken from Greek
computar e
that is means as to compute. According to
Computer Wikipedia, the
fr ee encyclopedia.htm
computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. While
news.miuegypt.edu.egindex.php
states that a computer is general-purpose machine that processes data. The data is
processed according to a set of instructions known as programs. The computer and all equipment attached to it are called hardware. The computer is a form of
hardware and the programs are known as software. The computer’s data processing mechanism has been explained in
Blissmer ’s definition of the computer in Dhima
s
.com 2008. He states that
computer is an electronic machine that is able to do some jobs which are receiving input, processing the input using the directions given by the operator,
saving the direction and the result of it, and serving information formed output. In line with the explanation above, Turban, Rainer and Potter 2003: 57 state
that physical units used for input, process, storage activities, and output refer to what the so-called hardware. While the direction here is what the so-called
software. It comes to conclusion that computer, hardware, and software is a
unity. Physical units of computer are called hardware. In order to work the computer needs software. This means that using a computer is running
software.
4. The Definition of Software
Hamacher, Vranesic, and Zaky 2002: 3 state that softwareprogram is a list of instruction that performs a task. Instructions here are explicit
command that:
govern the transfer of information between hardware specify the arithmetic and logic operation to be performed.
While Turban, et all 2003: 95 state that software consists of computer programs, which are sequences of instructions for computer. There
are many kinds of software, but they classify them into two major types, namely system software and application software.
Meanwhile Nancy and Lary Long 2004: 14 say that software refers to any program that tells the computer system what to do. They classify many
kinds of software into two major types as well, namely system software and application software.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that software is computer programs which are sequences of instructions in which are the form
of arithmetic and logic operation for computer that perform a task.
5. Types of Software
