2. The Ego
The ego is governed by the ―reality principle‖ rather than the pleasure principle. However it does not mean that hedonism is given up. The ego serves the
id in its pursuit of pleasure and tension reduction, taking into account the demands of reality. The
ego follows the rules of ―secondary process‖ thought. This is adult thinking characterized by logic, time orientation, and a distinction between reality
and unreality. The ego also has the tools of memory and attention and the control of motor activity. Thus, its existence provides a means for delay of gratification,
long-term goal planning, and so on pp. 15-16. It means that the ego uses a realistic principle to fulfill the desire of id and manage the balance between the
desire and the reality. It is done as adult thinking that has some consideration.
3. The Superego
According to Freud, the last of the three structures to develop is the super- ego. The super-ego has two main functions, both based on built-in reinforcement
processes. The first one is used to reward individuals for acceptable moral behavior and the second one is used to punish actions that are not socially
sanctioned by creating guilt. The super ego thus represents the internalization of moral codes and is often called one‘s ―conscience.‖ The super-ego opposes the
expression of unacceptable impulses rather than merely postponing them as does the ego p.16. It means that the superego has an expectation in perfection and it
represents the internalization of moral codes.
Figure 1. The relationship of the personality structures to the levels of awareness.
D. Theoretical Framework
In this study there are two problems that are analyzed. The first problem is ―How is Laura described in the play script?‖ and the second one is ―What is the
meaning of Laura‘s dream?‖ In order to answer those questions, the writer uses psychological approach. It is because the base of the analysis will be closely
related to human psyche, human mind, and behavior. Moreover, the writer also uses some theories to answer those questions. For the first problem about the
description of Laura Wingfield character, the theories used are the theory of character and characterization. The theory of character can be used to determine
the character of Laura Wingfield in Tennessee William‘s The Glass Menagerie. The theory of characterizations is used to describe the physical and psychological
traits of Laura Wingfield. The second problem that will be discussed in this study is about the
meaning of Laura‘s dream. The writer uses psychological approach to determine what the meaning of Laura‘s dream in Tennessee Williams‘ The Glass Menagerie.
EGO
ID S
U P
E R
E G
O Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
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