SOCIAL CLASSIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANNE BRONTE’S Social Classification Reflected in Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847): Marxist Theory.
SOCIAL CLASSIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANNE BRONTE’S
AGNES GREY (1847): MARXIST THEORY
Researh Paper Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
by:
RISAL YANIARDI DARUSSALAM
A320120194
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Victory loves preparation.”
(Ruswadi)
“For indeed, with hardship (will be) easy.”
(QS Al-Insyiroh : 5-6)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is lovingly dedicated for:
Allah SWT, The Lord of everything
My beloved mom and dad
My dearest younger sister Aulia Rizky Ardiani
All of my friends in English Department 2012
All of my friends everywhere, thank you for
your helped, friendship, and everything.
vi
ABSTRAK
Risal Yaniardi Darussalam, A320120194, Social Classification Reflected in
Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847): Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Oktober 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kelas sosial yang terjadi pada
novel Agnes Grey (1847) karya Anne Bronte. Novel Agnes Grey (1847) dianalisis
menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Analisis diselesaikan dengan mengacu pada
dua objek: pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang
kedua yaitu analisa mengenai sosial klasifikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan
Marxist. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini
menggunakan dua sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel Agnes Grey (1847)
karya Anne Bronte sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku,
biografi penulis, jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian.
Dua jenis data diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan
analisa deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan
beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh
melalui karakter dan karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang,
dan tema yang terangkum menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang
berdasar pada pendekatan Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah
materialisme, perjuangan kelas, keterasingan, revolusi dan klasifikasi sosial yang
tercermin pada karakter utama dalam novel Agnes Grey (1847)
Kata kunci: sosial klasifikasi, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist
vii
ABSTRACT
Risal Yaniardi Darussalam, A320120194, Social Classification Reflected in
Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847): Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School
of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, October 2016
This study is aimed to reveal the social classification in Agnes Grey (1847) novel
by Anne Bronte. Agnes Grey (1847) novel is analyzed by using Marxist approach.
The analysis is done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel
based on the structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of
social classification by using Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive
qualitative research. There are two types of data sources. The source of primary
data is Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847) novel. The secondary data sources are
from books, biography of the author, journals, and internet sources related to the
study. The two kinds of data collected through library research and analyzed with
descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher draws the following
conclusions. The first, the structural element of the novel described the character
and characterization, setting of place and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It
shapes into one unity in a novel story. The second, based on Marxist approach in
dialectical, historical, class struggle, alienation, revolution and the social
discrimination was revealed with other descriptions of Marxist the major
character reflected in Agnes Grey (1847) novel.
Keywords: social classification, structural elements of novel, Marxist approach.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His
blessings given to me, so I can completed my research paper entitled “SOCIAL
CLASSIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANNE BRONTE’S AGNES GREY
(1847): MARXIST THEORY”. Many people helped me in doing this research. I
would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude to them in the following
list:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum as the Dean of School of TeacHis
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving
approval to carry out this research paper.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed. as the consultant and the first
examiner who has given the researchers inspiration, spirit, help, advice,
guidance, suggestion, and correction during the arrangement of the research
paper.
4.
Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum as the academic consultant who has given
the researcher guidance during his study in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
5.
Drs. Siti Zuriah Ariatmi., M.Hum. as the lecturer who has given the
researcher support and advice.
6.
All lecturers of English Department, for guidance during the study in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
7.
My beloved parents, Bapak Ruswadi and Ibu Aris Handayani for their endless
love, prayer, advice, patience, motivation, and also financial contribution
given to his. What I have done is just for you.
8.
My younger sister Aulia Rizky Ardiani, for his support, care, jokes, and for
the many sweet things that have been shared.
ix
9.
My big family in Purwodadi and Sragen, my beloved grandfathers; eyang
Almh Djasmo
and eyang Almh Samangani, my beloved grandmothers;
eyang putri Almh Sayem and eyang putri Sri Urip, uncles, aunts, nephew,
niece, cousin, and others.
10. My friends Ajeng Sito Larasati, Farah Qanita, Mareta Rahayuning Tyas,
Rifki Adhin, Intan, who has given help so much, so the researcher can finish
this research paper.
11. My close friends Atik Choirun Nisa, Zahrul Anam, Ali Sofyan Susanto, Rifki
Adhin Azhari, Agung Andrianto, Wisnu, Erfan Rejiansyah, Satria Nur
Wijaya Kusuma. for the solidarity, care, support and a jokes that makes he
always laugh.
12. My special thanks to Lilik Mei Tyas Siwi, for her care and support.
13. My Family in English Department, especially for DEECE 12, for all of the
support, care, share, friendship, and many others things.
14. My senior, Mbak Isfi, thanks for help.
15. My close friends in Geng Rumpi, Diyah, Diaz, Aseh, Rezky. for support,
pray, and share each others.
16. Crews of “DECADE” performants for our good cooperation.
17. My friends in Ria Putra Boarding House, thanks for the unforgettable
fellowship.
18. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researchers in completing this research paper.
Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper
writing process.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
Surakarta, 6 October 2016
Risal Yaniardi Darussalam
A320120194
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK........................................................................................ .........
vii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………… viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
5
C. Problem Statement .......................................................
8
D. Limitation of the Study.................................................
8
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
9
F. Benefit of the Study ......................................................
9
G. Research Method ..........................................................
9
H. Research Organization………………………………...
11
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY ............................................
12
A. Notion of Marxist Theory.............................................
12
B. Basic Concept of Marxist Theory ................................
13
xi
1. Dialectical Materialism…………………………….
13
2. Historical Materialism……………………………...
13
3. Class Struggle……………………………………...
14
4. Alienation…………………………………………..
14
5. Revolution………………………………………….
14
C. The Notion of Social Classification .............................
15
D. Structural Element of the Novel………………………..
17
a. Character and Characterizations…………………….
17
b. Setting………………………………………………
17
c. Plot………………………………………………….
17
d. Point of View…………………………………..……
18
e. Theme……………………………………………….
19
E. Theoretical Application…………………………………
19
CHAPTER III : SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF ENGLAND SOCIETY IN
THE EARLY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY… 20
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
20
B. Political Aspect.............................................................
20
C. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
21
D. Religious Aspect...........................................................
22
E. Science and Technology Aspect...................................
22
F. The Life of the Author………………………………….
23
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.....................................
26
A. Structural Element ........................................................
26
1. Character and Characterization…………………….
26
2. Setting………………………………………………
43
3. Plot………………………………………………….
45
4. Point of Views .........................................................
48
5. Style…………………………………………………
48
6. Theme………………………………………………
52
CHAPTER IV :
B. Discussion ....................................................................
xii
53
CHAPTER V : MARXIST ANALYSIS ..................................................
58
A. Marxist Analysis...........................................................
58
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
58
2. Historical Materialism ............................................
63
3. Class Struggle .........................................................
66
4. Alienation ...............................................................
69
B. Discussion ....................................................................
71
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................
72
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
72
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
73
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................
74
VIRTUAL REFERENCE.........................................................................
77
xiii
AGNES GREY (1847): MARXIST THEORY
Researh Paper Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
by:
RISAL YANIARDI DARUSSALAM
A320120194
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Victory loves preparation.”
(Ruswadi)
“For indeed, with hardship (will be) easy.”
(QS Al-Insyiroh : 5-6)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is lovingly dedicated for:
Allah SWT, The Lord of everything
My beloved mom and dad
My dearest younger sister Aulia Rizky Ardiani
All of my friends in English Department 2012
All of my friends everywhere, thank you for
your helped, friendship, and everything.
vi
ABSTRAK
Risal Yaniardi Darussalam, A320120194, Social Classification Reflected in
Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847): Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Oktober 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kelas sosial yang terjadi pada
novel Agnes Grey (1847) karya Anne Bronte. Novel Agnes Grey (1847) dianalisis
menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Analisis diselesaikan dengan mengacu pada
dua objek: pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang
kedua yaitu analisa mengenai sosial klasifikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan
Marxist. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini
menggunakan dua sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel Agnes Grey (1847)
karya Anne Bronte sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku,
biografi penulis, jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian.
Dua jenis data diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan
analisa deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan
beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh
melalui karakter dan karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang,
dan tema yang terangkum menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang
berdasar pada pendekatan Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah
materialisme, perjuangan kelas, keterasingan, revolusi dan klasifikasi sosial yang
tercermin pada karakter utama dalam novel Agnes Grey (1847)
Kata kunci: sosial klasifikasi, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist
vii
ABSTRACT
Risal Yaniardi Darussalam, A320120194, Social Classification Reflected in
Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847): Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School
of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, October 2016
This study is aimed to reveal the social classification in Agnes Grey (1847) novel
by Anne Bronte. Agnes Grey (1847) novel is analyzed by using Marxist approach.
The analysis is done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel
based on the structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of
social classification by using Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive
qualitative research. There are two types of data sources. The source of primary
data is Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey (1847) novel. The secondary data sources are
from books, biography of the author, journals, and internet sources related to the
study. The two kinds of data collected through library research and analyzed with
descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher draws the following
conclusions. The first, the structural element of the novel described the character
and characterization, setting of place and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It
shapes into one unity in a novel story. The second, based on Marxist approach in
dialectical, historical, class struggle, alienation, revolution and the social
discrimination was revealed with other descriptions of Marxist the major
character reflected in Agnes Grey (1847) novel.
Keywords: social classification, structural elements of novel, Marxist approach.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His
blessings given to me, so I can completed my research paper entitled “SOCIAL
CLASSIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANNE BRONTE’S AGNES GREY
(1847): MARXIST THEORY”. Many people helped me in doing this research. I
would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude to them in the following
list:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum as the Dean of School of TeacHis
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving
approval to carry out this research paper.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed. as the consultant and the first
examiner who has given the researchers inspiration, spirit, help, advice,
guidance, suggestion, and correction during the arrangement of the research
paper.
4.
Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum as the academic consultant who has given
the researcher guidance during his study in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
5.
Drs. Siti Zuriah Ariatmi., M.Hum. as the lecturer who has given the
researcher support and advice.
6.
All lecturers of English Department, for guidance during the study in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
7.
My beloved parents, Bapak Ruswadi and Ibu Aris Handayani for their endless
love, prayer, advice, patience, motivation, and also financial contribution
given to his. What I have done is just for you.
8.
My younger sister Aulia Rizky Ardiani, for his support, care, jokes, and for
the many sweet things that have been shared.
ix
9.
My big family in Purwodadi and Sragen, my beloved grandfathers; eyang
Almh Djasmo
and eyang Almh Samangani, my beloved grandmothers;
eyang putri Almh Sayem and eyang putri Sri Urip, uncles, aunts, nephew,
niece, cousin, and others.
10. My friends Ajeng Sito Larasati, Farah Qanita, Mareta Rahayuning Tyas,
Rifki Adhin, Intan, who has given help so much, so the researcher can finish
this research paper.
11. My close friends Atik Choirun Nisa, Zahrul Anam, Ali Sofyan Susanto, Rifki
Adhin Azhari, Agung Andrianto, Wisnu, Erfan Rejiansyah, Satria Nur
Wijaya Kusuma. for the solidarity, care, support and a jokes that makes he
always laugh.
12. My special thanks to Lilik Mei Tyas Siwi, for her care and support.
13. My Family in English Department, especially for DEECE 12, for all of the
support, care, share, friendship, and many others things.
14. My senior, Mbak Isfi, thanks for help.
15. My close friends in Geng Rumpi, Diyah, Diaz, Aseh, Rezky. for support,
pray, and share each others.
16. Crews of “DECADE” performants for our good cooperation.
17. My friends in Ria Putra Boarding House, thanks for the unforgettable
fellowship.
18. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researchers in completing this research paper.
Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper
writing process.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
Surakarta, 6 October 2016
Risal Yaniardi Darussalam
A320120194
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK........................................................................................ .........
vii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………… viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
5
C. Problem Statement .......................................................
8
D. Limitation of the Study.................................................
8
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
9
F. Benefit of the Study ......................................................
9
G. Research Method ..........................................................
9
H. Research Organization………………………………...
11
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY ............................................
12
A. Notion of Marxist Theory.............................................
12
B. Basic Concept of Marxist Theory ................................
13
xi
1. Dialectical Materialism…………………………….
13
2. Historical Materialism……………………………...
13
3. Class Struggle……………………………………...
14
4. Alienation…………………………………………..
14
5. Revolution………………………………………….
14
C. The Notion of Social Classification .............................
15
D. Structural Element of the Novel………………………..
17
a. Character and Characterizations…………………….
17
b. Setting………………………………………………
17
c. Plot………………………………………………….
17
d. Point of View…………………………………..……
18
e. Theme……………………………………………….
19
E. Theoretical Application…………………………………
19
CHAPTER III : SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF ENGLAND SOCIETY IN
THE EARLY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY… 20
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
20
B. Political Aspect.............................................................
20
C. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
21
D. Religious Aspect...........................................................
22
E. Science and Technology Aspect...................................
22
F. The Life of the Author………………………………….
23
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.....................................
26
A. Structural Element ........................................................
26
1. Character and Characterization…………………….
26
2. Setting………………………………………………
43
3. Plot………………………………………………….
45
4. Point of Views .........................................................
48
5. Style…………………………………………………
48
6. Theme………………………………………………
52
CHAPTER IV :
B. Discussion ....................................................................
xii
53
CHAPTER V : MARXIST ANALYSIS ..................................................
58
A. Marxist Analysis...........................................................
58
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
58
2. Historical Materialism ............................................
63
3. Class Struggle .........................................................
66
4. Alienation ...............................................................
69
B. Discussion ....................................................................
71
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................
72
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
72
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
73
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................
74
VIRTUAL REFERENCE.........................................................................
77
xiii