Jews As The Victims Of Fascism As Reflected In Anne Frank’s Novel “The Diary Of Young Girl”

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JEWS AS THE VICTIMS OF FASCISM AS REFLECTED IN ANNE FRANK’S NOVEL “THE DIARY OF YOUNG GIRL”

A THESIS

BY:

IRMA ANNISA REG. NO 110705100

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S RahmadsyahRangkuti M.A, Ph.D NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara on Monday Mei 25, 2015

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara

Dr.H.SyahronLubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, MS. ...

RahmadsyahRangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. ...

Dr.Drs. ParlindunganPurba, M.Hum. ...

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, IRMA ANNISA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.

NO ANOTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : IRMA ANNISA

TITLE THESIS :JEWS AS THE VICTIMS OF FASCISM AS

REFLECTED IN ANNE FRANK’S NOVEL “THE DIARY OF YOUNG GIRL”

QUALIFICATION : S1 /SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISRECTION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and blessing in completing this thesis. Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihiwasallam who had delivered the truth to human beings in general and Moslem in particular.

In accomplishing this thesis, a lot of people have provided motivation, advice, support, and even remark that had helped the writer. In this valuable chance, the writer aims to express her gratitude and appreciation to all of them. First, the writer would like to say thank to Dr. Siti Norma Nasution,M.Humas my supervisor and Mahmud AriefAlbar S.S, M.A as my co- supervisor for constructive comments, guidance, suggestion and corrections given to me in accomplishing this thesis. The writer presents her sincere appreciation goes to Dr. SyahronLubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S as the chairman of English Department, and RahmadsyahRangkuti, M.A. Ph.D for their valuable corrections and suggestions also for all staffs either in department or in faculty who have helped the writer in managing all formal needs during this thesis arrangement.

The writer would like to say deepest gratitude goes to my beloved father John Pattie and my beloved mother HanifaSinulingga for the uncountable love and always support me in accomplishing this thesis. The writer also say thank to her sister EkaPutri, and my Sinulingga family especially ma Con (Edi Con Sinulingga) ma Taufik (TaufikSinulingga) bibi (ArianiSinulingga) mami (Adryana) who always support me.

A sincere thank goes to NurulAdrinaLubis, Tengku Muhammad Resan, William Alex Chaniago, Shanty Damayanty, Agus Yudha, MultahadaRamadhani,

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DessyNamiraNurul, RizqyAldilini Akbar, ElviRahmi, Nia Asti, Irma Chaniago, FahruniAdliaalso goes to all her friends in English Department who cannot be mentioned here one by onefor their amazing friendship, encouragement, help and support during writing this thesis.

Medan, September 2015

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ABSTRACT

This thesis which is entitled Jews as the Victims of Fascism as Reflected in Anne Frank’s Novel the Diary of Young Girl is an analysis about the experience of Anne Frank, a girl who lives in the era of Adolf Hitler leads German. Anne Frank is a daughter of Jews who hides from the chase of German Nazi which is leaded by Adolf Hitler who embraces ideology of Fascism. Several Hitler’s programs are to pursue and eliminate Jews people who live in German and countries which are lived by German. This is the experience of Anne, the daughter of Jews who lives in that period.The writing purpose of this thesis is to let the readers know the portray of Fascism which is experienced by Jews is explained by Anne Frank in her diary and presented to become the novel of The Diary of Young Girl. In analyzing this thesis, historical approach is fit to analyze this novel which the novel is historical novel and presented from true story of Anne Frank who lives in that period.

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudulJews As The Victims Of Fascism As Reflected In Anne

Frank’s Novel The Diary Of Young Girl

iniadalahsuatustudianalisismengenaipengalamandirasakan Anne frank, yang hidup di zamanketika Adolf Hitler memimpinJerman. Anne Frank seoranganakyahudi yang bersembunyidarikejaran Nazi German yang dipimpinoleh Adolf Hitler yang menganut ideology fasisme.Beberapa program pemerintahan Hitler adalahmengusirdanmembasmi orang yahudi yang ada di Jermandan Negara-Negara yang didudukiJerman.Hal inilah yang dialami Anne seoranganakyahudi yang

hiduppadaperodeterseut.Tujuanpenulisanskripsiiniadalah agar pembacadapatmengetahuigambarandari ideology fasisme yang dialamioleh orang

yahudi yang dipaparkanoleh Anne Frank dalambuku diary nyadandiangkatmenjadi

novel The Diary of Youg Girl.

Dalammenganalisaskripsiinipendekatanhistorisadalahpendekatan yang cocokuntukmenganalisa novel yang merupakan novel bersejarahdandiangkatdarikisahnyata Anne Frank padaperiodetersebut.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT………i

ABSTRAK ……….ii

ABSTRACK ... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……… iv

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ... v

1.1 Background of the Study………. 1

1.2 Problem of the Study………... 5

1.3 Objective of the Study………. 5

1.4 Scope of the Study………...… 5

1.5 Significance of the Study………. 6

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 7

2.1 Sociology of Literature ... 7

2.2 Historical Approach ... 8

2.3 Ideology of Fascism ... 10

2.3.2 Anti-Semitism ... 13

2.3.2 Anti-Semitism and Nazi ... 14

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2.4 Novel ... 17

CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 19

3.1 Research Design ... 19

3.2 Data Collection ... 20

3.3 Data Analysis ... 20

CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDING ... 22

4.1 Portray of Fascism ... 22

4.1.1 Fascism Under Nazi Regime……… 22

4.1.2Anti Semitism ... 26

4.1.3 Holocaust ... 30

4.2 The impact of Fascism toward Jews……….33

4.2.1Final execution………...………... 33

4.3 Finding ... 41

CHAPTER V : CONLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 43

5.1 Conclusion ... 43

5.2 suggestion………44

REFERENCES APPENDICES

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudulJews As The Victims Of Fascism As Reflected In Anne

Frank’s Novel The Diary Of Young Girl

hiduppadaperodeterseut.Tujuanpenulisanskripsiiniadalah agar pembacadapatmengetahuigambarandari ideology fasisme yang dialamioleh orang

yahudi yang dipaparkanoleh Anne Frank dalambuku diary nyadandiangkatmenjadi

novel The Diary of Youg Girl.

Dalammenganalisaskripsiinipendekatanhistorisadalahpendekatan yang cocokuntukmenganalisa novel yang merupakan novel bersejarahdandiangkatdarikisahnyata Anne Frank padaperiodetersebut.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Literature is the expression of society as speech is the expression of man (Levin, 1983 : 56). It means that literature is the medium of expression of whatever happens in the society. It becomes a picture of one’s life, his success or failure and his experiences in his lifetime. Broadly, literature is the picture of a social condition of a country and even telling a history. Specifically, Zeraffa (1973 : 40) states, “the novel was born and established itself as a genre on account of, and to account for, historical and social phenomena. Therefore, the novel tries to reveal the condition of a society and history, in a given time. The statement supported by Levin (1983 : 62) states that : “the relation between literature and society is reciprocal literature which is not only the effect of social causes but also the cause of social effect” .

Literary work has some functions in life such as the entertainment and as social documents. That because the common approach to the relation of literature and society is the study of literary work as social document, as assumed pictures of social reality. Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in “Theory of literature” mentioned,

“literature was primarily a treasury of costumes and customs, a source book for the history of civilization, especially of chivalry and its decline. As a social document, literature can be made to yield the outlines of social history” (103 ).

One of the novel that shows social phenomenon is “The Diary of Young Girl“ by Anne Frank. It is based on the true story of Anne Frank. The novel is diary which is written in Dutch language which was kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding

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for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation in the Netherlands. Anne wrote her activity and her feeling inside her diary. She wrote her situation about Jews live in that period.

The novel is about Anne frank’s diary, which tells her daily activities. It is started from her feeling as a child of a Jewish family to the political condition in that period. They had to run away and went into the hiding place because the Nazi had started to capture and imprisoned all Jews. That what makes Anne father brought her family to the hiding in the secret pavilion. Secret pavilion was an office building in the central Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Anne’s father and his friend as the owner of that building made a secret room behindthe building for them for living and hiding. In that secret pavilion Anne wrote in her diary about her condition. She also wrote why they should receive different treatment from other people who are not Jews. Anne and her family hide in the secret pavilion for almost two years, along with another family with three members and a doctor. There were a total of eight Jews hide in there.

On August 4, 1944 the gestapo penetrated into the Frank’s hiding place. On september Anne and her family among the last shipment of a thousand Jews left Holland. While the train arrived in German, on the platform men and woman were separated. It was the last Anne with her sister and her mother see her father. They were treated like prisoners and should work twelve hours a day. In October 1944 Anne, her sister, and their mother were selected to be moved to Belsen in German. They were seperated from each other. They were died in their respecting camps soon afterwards, Anne was died because of thypoid fever. After the war ended Otto Frank Anne’s father returned to Amsterdam. Otto was the only member of that family who still survived. He got Anne diary from his friends in that pavilion.

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In the novel “The Diary of Young Girl” there is fascism ideology will be analyzed in this thesis. Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th century Europe. Once in power of Adolf Hitler turned Germany into a fascist state. Fascist was originally used to describe the government of Benito Mussolini in Italy. Mussolini's fascist one party state emphasized patriotism, national unity, hatred of communism, admiration of military values and unquestioning obedience. Hitler was deeply influenced by Mussolini's Italy and his Germany shared many of the same characteristics. Hitler and the Nazis blamed the decline in Germany’s power on Jews and radicals and preached the supermacy of the so called German Aryan race. Hitler declared aryas is the master race creators of all civilization and fitted by nature to rule the world.

Jews and fascist are the topics that are very interesting to be discussed. Both of them are the most remembered in the history of German. There are some literary works such as a novel tells a story about it. Most of that novel takes from true story by experience of Jews people in that time. It is because world war left dark story about Jews people in the world. Some of that story came from true story of the Jews people that run and hiding. And how they struggle to be a life and being normal people.

Readers may wonder why Jews are persecuted by Nazi. From that question why the title of this paper was made. This paper is the analysis why Jews as the victim of the fascism. Hitler’s most virulent racial attacks were directed againts the Jews. Despite the many distinguished contributions Jews had made to German life over the centuries, Hitler’s propaganda described them as an alien, inferior race. They were the orginators of all those doctrines hostile to Nazi aims communism, facifism, internationalism, christianity. In Hitler’s view, as long as Jews remained in

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German, they were a constant source of ideological infection and a threat to German racial purity.

By this background, historical approach is suitable approach to analyzing this paper. Historical approach is one of the method to analyze literary work in which the author and the reader comprehend the message of the literary work by remembering the moment or historic moment a long with the literary work written.This analysis is analyzed based on the event that happened in the past where connected with problem in this study. First, find out about history of fascism. And then, find impact of fascism toward Jews. This is connected with German under Adolf Hitler and Nazi occupation. Collect all the data about the fascism, and then connect that data between fascism and the Jews.

The problem in the novel is one of social problem in that time. This is what studying in sociology of literature. Literature is not just a study about literay work. In literature there is sociology of literature. By studying sociology literature someone can identify the problem in society. Literature is the reflection of society itself. Some literary work such as novel, drama, poetry are inspire from real life. Sometime not just inspire but some of that literary work cames from true story such as this novel. By analyze the literary work can take knowledge about the problem in society.

Generally, a literary work expresses and reflects human problems. Literature basically talks about life. The discussion about literature can portray the artistic values. However, studying about it, frequently gives such a description of human experience. As a means of the social creation, literature usually reveals the situation or the problems that occur in social life. Thus, literature can be defined as a term used to describe written or spoken material or the attempt to describe human experience by means of the written word. (Usrotun Sa’idah, 2008: 1)

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Sociology of literature derived from the sociology and literature. Literature is a reflection of society. Through literature, the author reveals the problems of life. Literary works are influenced by the society and at the same time able to make an impact on society. Sociology can be defined as the science or systematic knowledge about the life of human group in relation to other human beings is generally called society. The sociology literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture. It studies the social production of literature and its social implication.

1.2Problem of the Study

The focus of this proposal is to analyze of fascism against Jews in “The Diary of Young Girl” by anne frank. Therefore, the questions are addressed in this thesis are:

1. What is the ideology of fascism reflected in Anne Frank’s “The Diary of Young Girl”?

2. What are the impacts of fascism toward Jews in Anne Frank’s “The Diary of Young Girl”?

1.3 Objective of the Study

1. To identify the ideology of fascism in Anne Frank’s“The Diary of Young Girl”. 2. To identify the impacts of fascism toward Jews in Anne Frank’s “The Diary of

Young Girl”.

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In doing analysis, scope is needed to determine the limitation of the problem that will be discussed. The scope of the analysis the novel “The Diary of Young Girl”is limited on the impact of facsism toward Jews under Nazi occupation.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The significance of the analysing of Anne Frank’s novel “The Diary of Young Girl”, is to reveal the tragedy of human life. To show the readers about unbearable suffering because of fascism ideology by the Nazi 's authority and this tragedy is expected not to recur in the history of mankind.

This paper is made to answer why Jews as the victim of fascism and the ideology of fascism. The readers are expected know about the fascism and the condition of Jews under Nazi occupation. By reading this thesis, we may improve our horizon and the knowledge of the students about social condition in the past. Expecting to make people understand with social problem in other people experience.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Sociology of Literature

Sociology is objective and scientific study about human in society, the study of institutions and social processes. Sociology tried to figure out how society is decent, how it progresses, and how they constantly. By studying social institutions and all the economic problems, religious, political, etc. All of which constitute the social structure we can get the way about human, humans adapt to their environment, about the mechanisms of socialization, acculturation process that puts society in they respective places.

As well as sociology, literature deals with humans in society: human effort to adapt and his efforts to change the society. In this case, the real sociology and literature share the same problem. Thus the novel is the main genres of literature in this industrial age. It can be regarded as an attempt to recreate the social world: the human relationship with his family, the environment, politics, state, and so on. In terms of pure documentary, it is clear that the novel deals with the texture of social, economic, political and also a matter of sociology.

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society. The sociology literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture. It studies the social production of literature and its social implication. Wellek and Warren (1976:94) stated

literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a socialcreation. They are conventions and norm which could have arisen only in society. But, furthermore, literature represent ‘life’ and ‘life’ is, in large measure, a social reality, eventhough the natural world and the inner orsubjective world of the individual have also been objects of literary ‘imitation’. The poet himself is a member of society, possesed of a specific social status; he recieves some degree of social recognition and reward; he addresses an audience, however hypothetical.

Sociological approach most widely practiced today pay great attention to the documentary aspects of literature: the foundation is the idea that literature is a mirror at that time. This view assumes that literature is a direct mirror of the various aspects of the social structure, kinship, class conflict, and others. In this case, the task of sociology of literature is to connect the experience of imaginary characters and situations character creation with the author of the historical circumstances, which constitute origin. Themes and styles that exist in the literary work, of a personal nature, it must be changed into matters of social nature.

2.2 Historical Approach

Sociology of literature that developed by Goldmann tries to combine the structural analysis with historical materialism and dialectical. For him, literature should be understood as a meaningful totality Lucien Goldmann stated in the literature et sociologie (1967 – 195 )

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…No sociology can be realistic until it is historical, just as no historical research can be scientific and realistic unless it is sociological. Not only are there no distinctively social fact, and other human facts, which are historical: there are not even two analytically distinct dimensions of these facts, which could be attached to two difference sciences. Thus the need to study human facts both in their concrete reality requires a method, which is simultaneously both sociological and historical.

Thus the effort to analyze the facts of humanity, both in structure and essential or in fact it is concrete that requires a method that simultaneously which is sociological and historical. If sociology separated from history, it will be inconclusive disciplined and abstract, as well as with history.

One of the approach in which is used in the analysis of “The Diary of Young Girl” is historical approach. A historical approach analyses literary work according to its history. Historical approach is one of the approach to analyze literary work in which the author and the reader comprehend the message of the literary work by remembering the moment or historic moment a long with the literary work written.

Historical approach is generally more relevant in the framework of the history of traditional literature, the history of literature with the implication of authors, literary works, and the periods of specified points with the objects of individual literary works. There are several objects of this approach based on the indicator of history and literature, they are:

1. Change of the language of literary work as the result of republication. 2. The function and purpose of literary work at the time it is published. 3. The position of author at the time of writing.

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All of that several object it is suitable for analysis novel “The Diary of Young Girl” in this thesis. It is because the novel is one of historical novel that wrote by Anne Frank in 1942 until 1944 in period World War II. The story that Anne wrote in it is representation of condition in that era because the story in the novel tells condition of Jews at the time. It is made Historical approach is approach that suitable for analysis this thesis.

2.3 Mimetic

Mimetic term comes from the Greek 'mimesis' meaning 'imitate', 'imitation' or 'embodiment'. Generally mimetic can be interpreted as an approach which see literature as imitation or reflection from the world of real life. Mimetic can also be interpreted as a theory that the method to form a literary work that based on the reality of social life experienced and then developed became a literary work with the addition of scenario arising from imagination and the creativity of the author in real life. In analysis the novel “The Diary of Young Girl” the writer used mimetic as approach to analysis. It is because “The Diary of Young Girl” is a one of the novel that came from true story. This story in it is arisen by the author and came from her real life itself.

2.3 Ideology of Fascism

A fascist state will not be born before that country feel in the democratic life, beside that, the fascist also born in a country where the economy in weak industry and social in this system can only be solved in two ways as a liberal and totalitarian. (William ebenstain, ismeisme yang mengguncangdunia, (Yogyakarta; Narasi, 2006)). Fascism is a radical movement authoritarian nationalist political ideology.

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Fascists tried to organize a nation according to corporatist perspectives, values, and systems, referred to the political and economic system. (William ebenstain, ismeisme yang mengguncangdunia, (103). They advocated the formation of a single-party totalitarian state, which seeks the mass mobilization of a nation and the creation of an ideal State to form a governing elite through indoctrination, physical education, and euginika policy of family. Fascists believe that the nation requires strong leadership, singular collective identity, and the ability to commit violence and war to keep the nation strong.

Fascist governments forbid and suppress opposition to the State. Fascism exalts violence, war and militarism as providing a positive change in society, in giving spiritual renovation, education, instilling a desire to dominate the character of people, and created a national fraternity through military service. Fascists see violence and war as an act that created the regeneration of spirit, national and vitality.

The word fascism is almost unknown in Europe until 1920, when Benito Mussolini adopted the word as the name of the new revolutionary movement. Fascism is derived from the Latin fases which means 'bond'. In 1935 fascism has become a moving mass that dominates the Italian and German.

Adolf Hitler as Nazi leader in Germany saw that the condition of the State and the indigenous Germany are in oppression, and also there is no of the character of patriotism in Aryans. Whereas, Hitler assumption that German is a nation that is high above the other nations in the world. But the reality is quite the contrary it makes Hitler hated and against Jews, which dominates Germany. Hitler was tried to revitalizing the high Aryans against the German population with patriotic nature in

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the body of the German nation to be free from occupation and became the high nation, and it is build the ideology of fascism.

Fascism in Germany is called Nazism. Nazi is a party under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. After World War I, Germany turned into a Republic, which originally was the kingdom. The first leader was Ebert, in power between the years 1919-1925. The next leader is Hidenburg president (1925-1934). In the government of this republic, the German experience various difficulties, both in the financial (inflation) and economic chaos. In that chaotic state of the country, the German people are expecting a strong man to fix that condition. In this chaotic atmosphere comes Adolf Hitler with a Nazi party.

Adolf Hitler has always emphasized to the young German that the German nation is a great nation which is destined to rule the world as the German nation is a nation bleed Arya, which is the base of German strength. But that power is being shackled by a foreign power, namely the Jews and communists. (Russel, seri orang termasyhur: Adolf Hitler, (Jakarta:MM Corp, 2005),22.)

According to the fascist doctrine, a state must be totalitarian. That means that the state should have total control over all aspects of people's lives. In the fascist state is no longer separation between public and private life, between people as citizens and as individuals. They believe that the government allows citizens to vote as they wish to the parties, will encourage personal selfishness and ends in anarchy.

The most rampant racism is in Germany, and it is because 'intellectual responsibility' thinkers of the 19th century. Prince Joseph de Gobineau is a French which became so popular in Germany, to Gobineau societies formed. Fame is a

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blessing that he was confident, "history proves that the whole of modern civilization comes from the white race. "For Gobineau, 'jewel' of the white race is the tribe aria," This is the most famous descendant of a noble among whites. Gobineau convince the German that they themselves are the true heirs, being descendants of the aria. Nazi beliefs will superiority aria (Germany) and the inferiority of other races is what produces a scary Hitler campaign, with the main purpose of mass destruction (genocide) of the Jews.

Nationalism and racism are the most famous pictured in fascism in the 1930s. A socialist believes that his or her race, whether it comes from English, German, Chinese, or sub-species of any kind of human descent, is superior to all other races. Racism is closely associated with nationalism. A nationalist is one who has pride in his people, until sometimes to some adoring. Being what other people meant by 'the people' here is a collective term that includes the State (a system of government), community (a racial group united by ties of blood), as well as the culture and traditions that have evolved for centuries. In context of political movement there are no carrying nationalism and racism as fascists, to some degree to the level of worship nation and attack other races.

2.3.2 Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism was created around 1879 to show only hatred toward Jews. This hostility is justified by a theory, first developed in Germany in the mid-19th century, that people call themselves descendants of Aria is superior in terms and character than those that bred Semitic. German political is characterized by the presence of at least one Semitic party, which is open until 1933, when

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anti-Semitism became official policy under the government of nationalist socialism (Nazism).

After the outbreak of World War II, the tempo of anti-Semitic activity increased in a terrible way. Across Europe, government always dependent, or military administration such as France, Italy, Poland, and the Ukraine urged by Germany to adopt anti-Semitic programs. In Germany itself, Hitler announced a "final executionto the Jewish problem”, namely the merciless slaughter of the Jewish community, a type of crime that is now recognized under international law as a form of genocide (extermination order against a nation).

2.3.2 Anti-Semitism and Nazi

On the basis point of view of anti-Semitic, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler attacked the impressive role of the Jewish people who played in German society during the German republic power, especially in the world of intellectual and left-wing politics. He considers them as plague and cancer. In his book, Mein Kamp published in 1926, Hitler blamed the German conditions worsening at the end of World War I as an international conspiracy of Jewish people and use terms such as eradication and expulsion in relation with the Jewish people. He claimed that the Jewish people have achieved economic dominance and the ability to control and manipulate the mass media to their own advantage.

The relation of anti-Semitic accusations relationship with the struggle of race be the main factor that made Nazism so eager to kill the Jewish race. The Nazis believed that the Jewish community was responsible over what they regard as the degeneration of modern society. Hitler looked at a variety of modern ideology that emphasizes equality and emancipation as a revolution against the inferior classes and

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those who controlled the Jews. For Hitler, Nazism was a doctrine of salvation of the world to save humanity from the doctrine of Jewish Bolsheviks. He believed that the German race must obtain and maintain total supremacy through total war against the Jewish people. Such a war would be a war that just being an alternative, on one side, for victory or destruction.

Hitler Anti-Semitism program began in 1933 with the boycott of Jewish businesses. Then, in 1935, the first Nuremberg laws revoke the citizenship of German Jews and lowering their status to 'subject' third grade. For several years later, 13 supplementary provisions to outlaw the Jews altogether so that they are not going to be the occupant escape camps concentration without rights or possessions. Last revocation is life itself.

2.3.3 The Holocaust

The Holocaust was killed by definition of the Holocaust that includes the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to approximately eleven million. Killings took place throughout

From 1941 to 1945, Jews were targeted and methodically murdered in a genocide, one of the largest in history, and part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazis. Every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics of the genocide, turning the Third Reich into "a genocidal state". Non-Jewish victims of broader Nazi crimes inc

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killed, including approximately one million Jewish children. Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed. A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories were used to concentrate, confine, and kill Jews a Between 100,000 and 500,000 people were direct participants in the planning and execution of the Holocaust.

The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Initially the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the starting in 1933 a in 1939. In 1941, as Germany conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized paramilitary units called Jews and "partisans", often in mass shootings. The end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight train to specially bui they survived the journey, most were systematically killed campaign of murder continued until the 1945.

Jewish armed resistance to the Nazis occurred throughout the Holocaust. One notable example was the poorly armed Jewish fighters held the SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20,000 t Eastern Europe conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. In total, there were over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings.

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2.4 Novel

Novel, an invented

complexity that deals imaginatively with human experience, usually through a connected sequence of events involving a group of persons in a specific Within its broad framework, thef the novel has encompassed an extensive range of types and styles: picaresque, epistolary, Gothic, romantic, realist, historical the novel is directly concerned with the nature of our situation in history.

In the sociology of the novel, sociology is dealing with an art. True, narrative fiction is contained within language and takes most of its own character from it; the form and content of the novel derive more closely from social phenomena than of other arts, except perhaps cinema novels often seem bound up with particular moments in the history of society.

From petit Jelian de saintre( by Antoine de la salle, 1398 – 1460) to cousin pons, the novel doubly establishes literature as institution. Its not only demonstrates that there is no human condition outside history or society, but also makes that circumstance explicit, and illustrates it with precise and coherent examples. The ‘sociability’ of the novel served to endow it with sizeable cultural, political and ideological functions.

In the sociology of the novel, sociology is dealing with an art. Novel is really close to the social phenomenon that happens in the society. It is as what Michel Zeraffa says (in Burns and Burns 1973: 35), Sociology of Literature and Drama: Selected Readings that:

The form and content of the novel derive more closely from social phenomenon than do those of other arts, except perhaps cinema;

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novel often seem bound up with particular moments in the history of society.

The novel “The Diary of young Girl” it comes from true story of Anne frank a girl sixteenth years old. The novel story in the novel it is about Anne Diary that she wrote in 1942 until 1944. In her diary Anne wrote her feelings and condition at the time. It shows Jews condition at the time while she lived in the country that occupy by Nazi. Anne diary can be one of kind a literary work can be as reflection of the condition in society. The story in it portrays the condition of Jewish people at the time. It is correspondence with the statement that literary work has a function as social document.

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CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

In analyzing the subject matter of the problems, the writer uses descriptive qualitative. Qualitative research is concerned with non-statistical methods of inquiry and analysis of social phenomena. Qualitative research uses detailed descriptions from the perspective of the research participants themselves as a mean of examining specific issues and problems under study. According to Denzin and Lincoln in Wahyuni (2004), “qualitative research is multi-method in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. It means that qualitative researcher discussing about natural settings. Attempting to make sense of, or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Qualitative research involves the study use and collection of variety of empirical materials-case study, personal experience, introspective, life story, interview, observational, historical, interactional and visual texts, that describe routine and problematic moments and meanings in individual’s live.” Through this method, will describe about influence the condition the society in that era which isAnne Frank wrote in her diary.

The library research also applied to analyze this thesis by searching and collecting the reference that contain and support the topics from the library. The writer used some books for primary and secondary source of data. “The Diary of Young Girl” is the main source of my analysis and some other books that contained data that would help the writers in finishing this thesis.

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3.2 Data Collection

In collecting the data for completing this thesis, that are some procedures used in completing this thesis. First, the writer collected the data by reading the novel in English version and the translation version in order to have full understanding about what is being told about and to find out the problems, which are contained in the novel. Then, the writer jotted down important statements and information from the novel in which can use as the data of this thesis. In selecting data, the important data must be selected in order to support the analysis.

There are secondary data that gathered from several books which are related to the topic of this thesis. The writer collected the datas which give understanding with the with the problem and objective in this thesis. Some imformation are also found from the internet to support the analysis. All the data and information related to the topic of this thesis are collected. The data will be selected and used in the process of finishing this thesis.

3.3 Data Analysis

There are several steps in order to analyze the data. The first step is classifying the data based on the important data itself. In analyzing the data, sociology of literature theory and historical approach are applied. Firstly, the data are identified from some statements that corresponding historical moment. It means the statements that have connected with History related between Fascist and Jewish the past, Then going to be identified in the novel “The Diary of Young Girl“.After accomplishing all of steps the writer draws the conclusion to answers the stated problems. There are researcher design can be seen from the scheme:

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DATA COLLECTING SUPPORTING THEORY

READ THE NOVEL: The Diary of Young Girl by Anne Frank

RESEARCHER

QUOTE FROM NOVEL

ANALYZING DATA: FINDING QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE

Historical Approach

CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Portray of Fascism

4.1.1 Fascism Under Nazi Regime

The Novel “The Diary of Young Girl” by Anne Frank is one of historical novel. Historical approach and mimetic approach are approach that usedto find the portrayal of Fascism in the Novel. In analyzing this thesis, the writer tried to comprehend the message of the novel and connect it with historical moments. The story in it tells about Anne diary, a sixteenyears old girl. The diary was written by Anne in 1942 until 1944 in Amsterdam, while German occupy Netherland. In her diary, Anne tells about her experience and feeling as Jews in that period.

Hitler was the leader of German. He adopted the ideology of fascism. Hitler's fascist ideology isintention to unification Aria race or Germany original race. Hitler’s extreme nationalism made him exterminate others.One of them is Jewish people who dominated German at the time. He also blamed Jews as the causes the defeat of Germany in World War I. One of Hitler’sfascistprogramsis hatred against Jews and removed off All Jews citizen from German. That made Anne and her family should immigrate in summer 1934 to Holland because they are Jews. What happened to Anne at that time and regulations about the revocation of the citizenship of Jews, it is based on the phenomenon in that period. There is information from the book which entitled Hitler and Holoucaustby George Sanford Genhard L (2007:79), he states that:

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In 1933, reisthag invite people to remove Jews from German civil service. Then, the application of quotas was adopted to limit the number of Jewish students. On 15 September 1935, reisthag meeting in Nurnberg and instituted two laws, known as Nuremberg laws. First, the legal citizenship reich (reich citizenship law), which states that only individual people "bloody of German" who is a German citizen. Second, the law protects the blood and glory of the German, who formalize various obstacles between German and Jews, forbade marriage and sexual relationship between Jews and German, prohibiting marriage and sexual relations between Jews with Aria nation. Thus, the Nazis deprive German Jews of civil and effectively removing them from the social and cultural life. Their policy then aim to take over Jewish poverty with a view to forcing Jews to immigration from Germany.

This information is about the elimination of Jews from citizenship German. It is corresponded with the reason that makes Anne’s family should immigrate. Anne wrote in her diary the causes that made their family moved away just because they Jews. It is as portrayed in the quotations below:

…As we are Jewish, we emigrated to Holland in 1933, (Anne, 1993:3)

… The rest of our family, however, felt the full of impact of Hitler’s anti-Jewish laws, so life was filled with anxiety. In 1938 after the pogroms, my two uncles (my mother’s brothers), escaped to the U.S.A my old grandmother came to us, she was then seventy-three. After May 1940 good times rapidly fled: first the war, then the capitulation, followed by the arrival of Germans, which is when the sufferings of us Jews really began. (Anne, 1993:3)

From the quotation above, it can be seenAnne’sfamily as Jews should move from German because the rule that made by Nazi to remove their citizenship from German. The information obtained from Hitler and Holoucaustby George Sanford Genhard L in 1933. This book tells about the reisthagwho invited people to remove

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the Jews from German civil service. It corresponded with the explanation that was written by Anne in her diary about the reason that made they family moved to Holland in 1933. It shows that similarities between the novel and the historical information about the rule that made in that period while Jews citizenship removed. Anne Explained in her diary as Jews they felt anxiety and made some of their family, her uncle should move to another country too because of that rule. After that, Anne’s family as Jews leaved German and immigrated to Holland. Anne also wrote they still felt uncomfortable because of war and German occupying Holland. The condition that Anne and her family member received, it is reflected condition Jews in that period.

Hitler’s actions to remove the citizenship of entire Jewish people are form of fascist ideology. Hitler considers that German race (Arian) is the supreme race. Arian racial superiority is compared with other races and considers the Jewish nation is the lowest races. Besides that, Hitler Assumes that Jews the causes of the defeat of Germany in World War I, and made German must pay war damages. That makes weakening of German economy after World War I. That makes Hitler as leader of Nazi (the largest party in Germany) hated Jews and wanted to destroy them. After an agreement in 1933 that resulted in laws that remove the citizenship of German-Jews and lowering their status to 'subjects' third grade. For several years later, 13 complementary statutes deprive the legal protection of all Jews, so that is why those who did not escape, would be occupants to the camp concentration. That is what makes Anne and her family emigrated from German.

According to Hugh Purcell in his book Fascism (1936), at least half of the Jews in Germany issued by the Law, and Nazi, dismisses them from the public and

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private jobs. In the end, they lose their means of livelihood. People reject the necessary Jewish life. There are mark that 'Jews are not allowed' appear in the some outside stores, mark 'the Jews are prohibited from entering the city's’ appears on the side of the road. There is always contained an element of Anti-Semitism in the German character. In many European Countries and it is sharpened by pressure and Nazi propaganda. It is corresponded with the events happened Anne Frank, and another Jews who were in countries that German-occupied in Europe. Anne wrote in her diary as Jews they are treated different. It is as portrayed in the quotations below:

…Jews are only allowed to do their shopping between three and five o’clock and then only in shop which bear the placard “Jewish shop.” Jews must be indoors by eight o’clock and cannot even sit in their own gardens after that hour. Jews are forbidden to visit theaters, cinema, and other places of entertainment. Jews may not take part in public sport. Swimming baths, tennis courts, hockey fields, and other sports grounds are all prohibited to them. Jews may not visit Christians. Jews must go to Jewish schools, and many more restrictions of a similar kind.” (Anne, 1993:4)

…Especially in summer, when one get warm at the game, so we usually finish up with a visit to nearest ice cream shop, Delphi or oasis, where Jews are allowed. (Anne, 1993:5)

…Now I can fully appreciate how nice a tram is, but that is forbidden luxury for Jews shanks’s mare is good enough for us. (Anne, 1993:8)

From that quotation above, it is concluded as Jews they have limited time for doing anything, even for sitting in their own Garden. They also can’t visit some entertainment place, public transport, and public sport. They have limited time for doing outdoor activities. Anne also wrote, they just can buy something they need in

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the store that allowed for Jews. As Jews their freedom is taken. Everyday they just can do the limited activity and allowed to Jews. She also wrote that she was only allowed to buy ice cream in the store for Jews. They are bannedto use a public transportation. It forced them to walk by themselves to everywhere. Even, Hitler wants to make Jews children should go to different school than other children who are not Jews. It can be seen in quotation below:

… I should really have stayed in the seventh from in the Montessori school. But was accepted for the Jewish secondary, when all the Jewish children had to go to Jewish school, the headmaster took Lies and me conditionally after a bit of persuasion. (Anne, 1993:12)

From that quotation above, it can be seen all treatment received by Anne Frank it shows racial policies that made by Hitler as the leader of the Nazi. Some of the treatment they received such as revoked their citizenship, dismissed from their job and, dismissed from public school. It portrays the condition of Jewish people under Nazi occupation. There is similarity between the historic moments about the revoke of Jews citizenship with the Anne condition in the novel. It is because “The Diary of young Girl” a novel made by Anne as Jews child who live in period while Adolf Hitler as the leader of German adopted ideology of fascism.

4.1.2 Anti Semitism

All the agitation and activity of Anti-Semitism, political, social, and economic always directed to Jews. A word Anti-Semitism is created to show hostility toward Jews. Anti-Semitism is part of official government policy under National Socialism (Nazism). Nazism is referred to as conceptof Fascism in German. In German, during the 1930s until 1940s, Anti-Semitism reached its peak under the Nazi regime led by

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Adolf Hitler. Some forms of Anti-Semitism contain racist doctrine and also contain elements of religious hatred. This Anti-Semitism can be seen in the novel “The Diary of Young Girl” from quotation below:

To our great horror and regret we hear that the attitude of a great many people towards us Jews has changed. We hear that there is Anti-Semitism now in circles that never thought of it before. This news has affected us all very, very deeply. The cause of this hatred of the Jews is understandable, even human sometimes, but not good. (Anne, 1993:238)

…I hope one thing only, and that is that this hatred of the Jews will be a passing thing, that the Dutch will show what they are after all, and that they will never totter and lose their sense of right. For Anti-Semitism is unjust! (Anne, 1993:239)

The novel is a portrayal condition of Jews in the past because it is true story from Anne Frank. There are some of several in accordance with the history that occurred at that time and in the novel. Historically, Anne’s experience it is connected while Hitler being the leader of German and the Nazi. He made racism and Anti-Semitism as their first components of their regime. During the first month of power, Nazi party incited and led to riots and anti-Semitic terror campaign that reached its peak on 1 April 1933, which occurs in the form of a mass boycott across the country against stores owned by Jews and also the professional Jews, such as doctors and lawyers. In addition, new government regulations and ordinance catapult to eliminate the civil rights of Jews and also they means of economic survival. It is can be seen in quotation below:

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Prominent citizens innocent people are thrown into prison to await their fate. If the saboteur can’t be traced, the Gestapo simply put about five hostage against the wall. Announcements of their deaths appear in the paper frequently. These outrages are described as “fatal accidents.” Nice people, the Germans! To think that I was once one of them too! No, Hitler took away our Nationality long ago. In fact, Germans and Jews are the greatest enemies in the world. (Anne, 1993:39)

From the quotation above, itis concluded Anne really hated Hitler as the leader of German. Anne hated German for what they did. They killed people just because that people Jews. Even, the prominent citizenship as doctor and lawyer if they are Jews they should be captured and prisoned. It is because Hitler wants to destroy Jews from the German and all countries that occupy by German. Anne also wrote she hated German people but she is Germany, just because Hitler takes their citizenship from German made them as Jews should be immigrated. She tells German and Jews are the greatest enemies in the world because German is the causes of war, and Jews being hated because of Anti-Semitism adopted Nazi and some countries in Europe for many reasons. All forms of extermination against the Jews it is Kind of Anti-Semitism. Nazi adopted Anti-Semitism as official government policy.

Hitler makes a book with entitled Mein kampf published in 1926 and translated n 1939 and wrote the reason he hated Jews. In Hitler and Holoucaustby George Sanford Genhard L (2007:76) stated that:

Hitler blamed the German conditions worsening at the end of World War I as an international conspiracy of Jewish people and use terms such as eradication and expulsion in relation to the Jewish people. He claimed that the Jewish people have achieved economic dominance and the ability to control and manipulate the

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mass media for their own benefit. He wrote about the need to eradicate their strong economic position, if necessary by using means physical extermination. (George, 2007:76)

From the information above, it is concluded the reason that made Hitler as the leader of German wants to destroy Jews because they was defeat in World War I. Another reason hated Jews because Jewish people are more dominant in German and control economy and mass media of German than Germany or Aria as the real blood of Germany. From that reason made Hitler wants to destroy them, and it is made they adopted Anti-Semitism that kind of elimination all of people that had Jews blood. The kind of Anti-Semitism adopted by Nazi it is based of racialism as the main factor that made they want to destroy Jews. For Hitler, Nazism is a doctrine for save the world and save humanity from Jews Bolshevik doctrine. He believes that German race should get and maintaining total supremacy through total war against the Jews. Such a war would be a war that just being alternative, one side, for victory and extermination. For Anne franks she is just a little girl and a child from Jews. In her diary Anne questioned why they should receive different treatment just because they are Jews. She also wrote a mistake from another Jews why it makes another Jews that don’t make mistake be detested too. It can be seen in quotation below:

…We have been pointedly reminded that we are in hiding, that we are Jews in chains, chained to one spot, without any rights, but with a thousand duties. We Jews mustn’t show our feelings, must be brave and strong, must accept all inconveniences and not grumble, must do what is within our power and trust in God. Sometime this terrible war will be over. Surely the time will come when we are people again, and not just Jews. (Anne 1993:207)

Who has inflicted this upon us? Who has made us Jews different from all other people? Who has allowed us to suffer so terribly up till now? It is god that has made us as we are, but it

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will be God, too, who will raise us up again. If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example. Who knows, it might even be our religion from which the world and all peoples learn good, and for that reason and that reason only do we have to suffer now. We can never become just Netherlanders, or just English, and representatives of any country for that matter, we will always remain Jews, but we want to, too. (Anne 1993:207)

From the quotation above, it is concluded that as Jews they should be brave and strong to survive. She wrote as Jews they couldn’t show their feeling, because they are Jews and they are enemies for some countries, and they don’t have the rightness. Anne hopes one day the hatred to Jews will be missing. She hopes the war will end and god will raise up her again. Anne tells other people will remind them as Jews, but she didn’t care with that because she wanted to be known as Jews. She had a lot of dreams about the future after the war end. She wants being a Netherlanders or just English, it means as Jews they don’t have a citizenship because they already removed from German citizenship. She ever wrote she hated German because German people made them as enemy and should be destroyed. Anne hopes the war will be over and the Jews will be united again.

4.1.3 Holocaust

The Holocaust was killed by were targeted and murdered in genocide. The Nazi specific effort isto destroy the Jews, the Roma, or Gypsies, later known as the Holocaust. Systematic mass murderby Nazi German during World War II resulted in the deaths of about 5 to 6 million Jewish people, around 500,000 Roma, and millions of others who are considered unworthy and inappropriate located in area of German.

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Nazi Holocaust, extermination by Armenian nation, and mass murder in Cambodia are examples of mass murder based onideology. This type of mass murder conducted in an effort to achieve an ideal social structure, which includes all members of society are the same or have the same beliefs. Fascism and communism are same ideology in 20th century, which try to form community based on similarity. Holocaust for example, which is controlled by Nazi racial theories, the German nation is a superior race, they call with Aria.

From the story in the novel “The Diary of young girl”, Anne wrote her diary since June 1942 until August 1944. It is around 2 years since they run and hide from the Nazi into a hiding place in the secret pavilion. The last day Anne wrote in her Diary in Tuesday, 1st August 1944. It is because in 4th august 1944,Anne and all of Jews in the hiding place were captured by Gestapo. On 3rd September, all of them are being part of thousand Jews who were sent to leave Holland. On the third night they arrived in Auschwitz in Polish. In the platform they areseparated between woman and man. It makes it as the last time Anne saw her father. At Auschwitz the healthier prisoners, their heads shaved, worked twelve hours a day to dig sod, being driven relentlessly by the sadistic kapos (criminals who served the SS as labor overseers). At night they were locked into crowded barracks. Outside the windows they could see the sky glow red above the crematories. This is corresponded with portray condition of Jews in Auschwitz. There are information from Hitler and Holoucaustby George Sanford Genhard L (2007:105) :

The prisoners were transported by train from all over Nazi-controlled countries in Europe, and arrived at Auschwitz in many days convoy. Their arrival at the complex split into three groups. One group was put into the gas chamber within an hour; these people are sent to the Birkenau camp, where more than 20,000

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people could be in gas and then their body was cremated each day.

At Birkenau, the Nazis used cyanide gas, which is called Zyklon-B, made by the pest control company. While the second group of prisoners put into slave labor in factories industry for companies like I.G. Farben and Krupp.The Auschwitz complex itself, 405,000 prisoners recorded as laborers between 1940 and 1945. Of these, approximately 340,000 people died of execution, beaten, starved, and sick.

It is corresponded between historic information and the event happened to Anne in the novel. The information tells some people were died of execution, beaten, starved, and sick. All of those things happened to Anne and her sister. Anne’s sister was died in the camp concentration march 1945 because of typhoid. Shortly after the incident, her sister is written was died in the concentration camp. This information about Anne and her sister is written in the end of the novel. It can be seen from quotation below:

“Margot died at the end of February or beginning of March 1945. “Anne, who was already sick at the time,’” recalled a survivor, “was not informed of her sister’s death, but after a few days she sensed it, and soon afterwards she died, peacefully, feeling that nothing bad was happening to her,’” she was not yet sixteen.(1993:280)

From the quotation above, it can be seen Anne and her sister’s phenomenon is one from thousand people which experience of Jews died in the camp concentration. The experience happened to Anne and her family it portrayscondition of Jewish people at the time, which treat inappropriately by Nazi. Anne and her sister are one from thousand people died in the camp concentration. They are part of holocaust victims died because of ideology of fascist from Hitler

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and Nazi. Remove and destroy Jewish from German and some countries occupied by German is one kind of Nazi program Anti-Semitism. It shows as Jews they are the victim ideology of fascism Hitler. Even though, at camp concentration they are not killed with gas just like another people. They are part of group that employed as labor until they got sick and died in camp.

4.2 The impact of Fascism toward Jews

4.2.1 Final Execution

One of program Anti-Semitism by Nazi In 1942, they makes ‘final execution’ for All Jews. ‘Final execution’ is sending all Jews to camp concentration. In 20 January1942 there are a meeting that known as Wannsee conference. In the conference there are decision for exterminate All Jews, and send all Jews in the country that occupy by German in Europe to the camp concentration. It is reflected in the novel “The Diary of young Girl” while Anne’s sister named Margot received summonsfrom SS in 8 July 1942. SS (Schutzstaffel) is "Protective Squadron" is a large military and security organizations. Got a summon means they should report to SS and will send to camp concentration. It makes Anne father bring all family member hiding in the secret pavilion after received summon from the SS. This event can be seen in quotation below:

… I was lying lazily reading a book on the veranda in the sunshine, so I didn’t hear it. A bit later, Margot appeared at the kitchen door looking very excited. “S.S. have sent a call-up notice for daddy,” she whispered. “Mummy has gone to see Mr. Van Daan already.” (Van Daan is a friend who works with Daddy in the business.) it was a great shock to me, a call-up; everyone knows what that means. I picture concentrations camps and lonely cells should we allow him to be doomed to this? “Of course he won’t go,” declared Margot, while we waited together. “Mummy

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has gone to the Van Daan to discuss whether we should move into our hiding place tomorrow. (Anne, 1993:13)

… Margot told me that the call-up was not for Daddy, but for her. I was more frightened than ever and began to cry. Margot is sixteen, would they really take girls of that age away alone? But thank goodness she won’t go, Mummy said so herself, that must be what Daddy meant when he talked about us going into hiding. (Anne, 1993:14)

From the quotation above, it is concluded that rule made by the Nazi in 1942 about ‘final solution’ was happened in Anne’s experience. It is corresponded with the history in that period while Nazi wanted to destroy all Jews. ‘Final execution’ is one of kind Anti-Semitism to destroy all Jews and send them to the camp concentration. It can be seen Anne and her family very scared because of that summon, and Anne imagined about camp concentration. Camp concentration is a place that made by Nazi to accommodate all Jews captured.

They scared about camp concentration. It makes Anne’s father brings all of them to hide in secret pavilion. Anne’s father already made a plan for their escape a month before they got summon. He made a secret place in her office for them to hide from Nazi. After Anne’s sister got that summon, her father made them escape more early than his planning. They move to the secret pavilion at night because worry if SS will capture them. This situation can be seen in quotation below:

… Only when we were on the road did Mummy and Daddy begin to tell me bits and pieces about the plan. For months as many of our goods and chattels and necessities of life as possible had been sent away and they were sufficiently ready for us to have gone into hiding of our own accord on July 16. The plan had to be

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speeded up ten days because of the call-up, so our quarters would not be so well organized, but we had to make the best of it. The hiding place itself would be in the building where Daddy has his office. (Anne, 1993: 16)

From the quotation above, it can be seen Anne’s father already had a plan about hiding place. They send some good and necessity things and stuff to the hiding place. After got that summons, they moved more early 10 days from planning they made. The place they made for hiding is Anne’s father office. It is an office building in the center of Amsterdam. Anne’s father and his friends already made a secret room in that office for them to hide. That condition in the secret pavilion it shows the condition of Jews at the time it is not save. Nazi wanted to send all Jews to camp concentration where all people there were treated as prisoners and slavery just because they are Jews. Even, every house was checking to see there are Jews in it or not. If there are Jews in it, they will bring them. This is corresponded with Anne’s experience in the novel. It can be seen in quotation below:

…Evening after evening the green and gray army lorries trundle past. The Germans ring at every front door to inquire if there is family has to go at once. If they don’t find any, they go onto the next house. No one has a chance of evading them unless one goes into hiding. Often they go around with lists, and only ring when they know they can get a good haul. Sometimes they let them off for cash so much per head. It seems like the slave hunts of olden times. But it’s certainly no joke, it’s much too tragic for that… … I frightened when I think of close friends who have now been delivered into the hands of the cruelest brutes that walk the earth. And all because they are Jews! (Anne, 1993:53-54)

From the quotation above, it can be seen as Jews they are hunted. The list means the German people had named of Jews people to capture. Because of that

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reason Anne’s sister got summons and call from the SS to report as Jews. So, they escape more early to hiding and hope will not capture by German. The army checks every house in lists that had Jews people. Even, if there are people are not Jews who help to hide a Jews in their house will be captured too. In hiding place Anne also wrote she worried about her Jews friends were being captured. She wrote about her friends were captured by the cruelest brutes that walk the earth. It means she thinksthat German will treat her friends inappropriately. All treatment they received, it is just because they Jews. Anne thinks as Jews they are treated just like slavery. It made her really hated with the people from German, because they wanted to capture and prison them just because they Jews.

From the information Anne wrote in the novel, they are very scared if the SS captures them at the time. From Wikipedia, SS or Schutzstaffel (Protective Squadron) is a large military and security organizations belonging to the German Nazi Party. The Nazis regarded SS as an elite unit "Praetorian Guard", with all officers are chosen on the basis of racial purity and fidelity are very high on the Nazi Party. HeinrichHimmler, the SS leader, was one of the originators of the Final Solution. SS was assigned to kill civilians, especially Jews, in countries occupied by the Germans during World War II. With the growing strength of the Nazi Party, government functions such as security and defense was taken over by the SS, and many SS organizations became the de facto governing body. To maintain political power of the Nazi Party, SS is authorized to establish and run the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), which is security and Intelligence agencies. Then also GeheimeStaatspolizei (Gestapo), namely the secret police SS. All of this makes the SS was able to walk on top of the law. SS is also responsible for the conduct of the concentration camps,

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where many prisoners are died. This statement corresponding with the information be obtained from Fasisme by Hugh Purcell state that:

The bearer first message of Hitler ideology is SS. They are the elite guard movement and therefore they represent the principal of Nazism. If you are young people who want to join the German SS, you have to prove the pure blood 'aria' to provide evidence of the family through several generations. Before you get married, your wife had to undergo similar tests. The training will turn you into an ideal Nazi, loyal, obedient, brave, and strong. (Purcell, 2003:93)

You can join with a number of organizations SS, all under the control of Heinrich Himmler overall. There are heads units that carry out the death of the concentration camp. There are Waffen SS, the combat forces, which provide strength ideology army and nearly a million men in battle. Then, there is the Gestapo as a powerful look like black octopus, SS captors disseminate tools across the 3rd Reich. For this reason, the Gestapo called 'alibi German nation'. It is responsible for so many atrocities in Nazi regime, where other German people put all the blame on his shoulders. (Purcell, 2003:94)

The information about SS and Gestapo it is connected with some of Anne’s experience in the novel. Gestapo and SS have responsibility for Jews persecuted in that period. Many of Jews at the time are captured and persecuted by SS and Gestapo. In Anne diary, there some tells about Gestapo and SS. One of that, while Anne’s sister got summon from the SS. Another experience while Anne got information there are so many of her Jews friends werecaptured by Gestapo and sent to camp concentration. It can be seen in quotation below:

…Our many Jewish friends are being taken away by the dozen. These people are treated by the Gestapo without a shred of decency, being loaded into cattle trucks and sent to Westerbork, the big Jewish camp in Drente. Westerbork sounds terrible: only one washing cubicle for a hundred people and not nearly enough

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lavatories, there is no separate accommodation. Men, women, and children all sleep together. One hears of frightful immorality because of this, and a lot of the women, and even girls, who stay there any length of time are expecting babies. (Anne, 1993:38)

Dussel has indirectly endangered our lives. He actually let Miep bring a forbidden book for him, one which abuses Mussolini and Hitler. On the way she happened to be run into by an S.S car. She lost her temper, shouted, “Miserable wretches,” and rode on. It is better not to think of what might have happened if she had to go to their headquarters. (Anne, 1993:103)

From the quotation above, Anne tells some of her Jewish friends are being taken and sent to the camp concentration by Gestapo. Anne wrote about their friends treated inappropriately by Gestapo. There are some of girls, and woman in camp concentration abused by Gestapo. He made some of them getting pregnant. Another quotation about their friend brings the book about abuse of Mussolini and Hitler as fascist leader and worried if capture by SS. It shows in that period to forbid the disfigured government. It is because some functions of Gestapo as a secret police captures and prisons people or organizations that opposite or disfigure government. Gestapo and SS really had a power in German and some countries to occupy by German for captured and persecution all Jews. Historically, SS and Gestapo were made to take responsibilities to make a camp concentration and as finder final execution to destroy Jews. All of these make the SS was able to walk on top of the law, it makes they treated Jews inappropriately.

The information about All Jews are hunted it is corresponded with the history about Final execution to destroy all Jews in German and all countries that occupied by German. Following historic information, After the Wannsee Conference the

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extermination of Jewish people in Europe intensified. The first line is the three million Polish Jews. On July 1942, Himmler set up a schedule for their elimination in the death camps. During this operation, which has the code name operation reinhard, three major gas space center built: Belzec and Sobibor, in the southeast Poland not far from Lublin, and lastly Treblinka, Northeast of Warsaw. The process of killing by gas was started in three camps in the period from March to July 1942. From 750,000 to 950,000 Jews were killed in gas by Tribelinka; from 500,000 to 600,000 at Belzec; and about 200,000 in Sobibor. At the same time, Polish Jews were also sent to a death camp and then killed there. It also happens deportation of the Jews from other parts of Europe that occupied by Nazi heading east, the camp concentration area. In many European countries, SS team sent to directly vagrancy and deporting the Jews with the central train killing centers and concentration camps in polish.

For some statement that iswritten by Anne mostly it is about concentration camps. First, the reason made them escape into the secret pavilion it is because they scared if captured by SS and they will send to the camp concentration. Anne gives explanation while her sister got summon. Anne scared and imagined if her sister is sent to the camp. Second, Another statement by Anne is while she wrote some of her Jews Friends are captured by Gestapo and sent to the camp concentration. She scared of imaginingabouther friends will be treated inappropriately by Gestapo and SS. It shows Jews at the time really scared of camp concentration that made by Nazi to prison and killed most of Jews.

The Nazis build Auchwitz in April 1940 under Heinrich Himmler, as the two leaders of the SS and Gestapo organization. First of all Auchwitz camp is the home of the Polish prisoners of war who have controlled by Nazi and from a camp

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concentration in Germany. Auchwitz complex is a scientifically already planned and efficiently into the execution place of murder during World War II. Most small camp known as Auchwitz I. Meanwhile, most large camp called Auchwitz II. Jewish race is the greatest victim in terms of numbers and Auchwitz has become the main symbol of what is known as the Holocaust against the Jewish people of Europe. At least one of the three people from about 5 million to 6 million Jewish people were killed by the Nazis during World War II died there. Nazi specific efforts to totally destroy the Jews, and Roma people, or gypsies, then it is known as the Holocaust.

This is another Anne’sstatement, which is written in her diary about camp concentration. It can be seen from quotation below:

There’s something fresh every day. This morning our vegetable man was picked up for having two Jews in his house. It’s great blow to us, not only that those poor Jews are balancing on the edge of an abyys, but it’s terrible for the man himself. (Anne, 1993:239)

The world has turned topsy-turvy, respectable people are being sent off to concentration camps, prisons, and lonely cells, and the dregs that remain govern young and old, rich and poor. One person walks into the trap through the black market, a second through helping the Jews or other people who’ve had to go “underground”, anyone who isn’t a member of N.S.B doesn’t know what may happen to him from one day to another. (Anne, 1993:240)

From the quotation above, it can be seen from there are two persons are sent to the camp concentration. Anne tells the two persons are brought to the camp because of helping Jews. Anne tells first from black market as their supplier and seconds a person because of helping Jews to hide in their house. It shows that if

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someone help Jews, it is kind of criminal. They will be captured and prisoned. She also wrote in the camp concentration they are young and old, rich and poor. It means their status doesn’t make them not captured. This can be reflection of condition at the time about camp concentration. Not only Jews, but for someone who opposite from German, and someone who help Jews will being captured and prisoned, even sent to the camp concentration.

4.3 Finding

There are some findings found after analyzing in the novel “The Diary of Young Girl” as follow:

1. Hitler is the leader of German who adopted the ideology of fascism. One of program fascist Hitler is hatred against Jews and removed citizen of all Jews in German. It makes Anne and her family should immigrate in summer 1934 to Holland because they are Jews. Hitler extreme nationalism made him exterminate another race; one of them is Jewish people who dominated German at the time. He also blamed Jews as the causes the defeat of Germany in World War I.

2. Anti-Semitism is created to show hostility toward Jews. During the 1930s until 1940s, Anti-Semitism reached its peak under the Nazi regime led by Adolf Hitler. Anti-Semitism is part of official government policy under National Socialism (Nazism). All those treats which are received of Jewish people as portray in Anne Frank andher family such as removed themfrom German citizenship and Sent all of them in the camp concentration it is kind of Anti-Semitism adopted by Nazi toward Jews.

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3. By using historical approach, it is related between Jews and fascist ideology adopted by Hitler. It is corresponding between the history and Anne experience while Hitleris a leader of German and removed Jews citizenship in 1933 it made Anne and a lot of Jews immigrating from German to Holland. In 1942 Nazi made Final executionto destroy all Jewish from all countries that occupied by German. It made Anne and her family run and hide in secret pavilion.

4. Final executions are the impact of ideology of fascism by Nazi. All of those make a lot of Jews killed in camp concentration. Hitler blamed Jewish as the defeat of German loses in World War and some of Jews people dominated German. Jewish people more dominance in German and control economy and mass media. Hitler wanted to unification Aria race or (Germany original race). Hitler declared the German as a "major race" who was naturally suited to lead the world. This makes Hitler wanted to expand the German front line. It is as initial the cause of the World War 2.

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CHAPTER V

CONLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After having analyzed the novel “The Diary of Young Girl” the writer can get there are some points such as:

1. The Diary of Young Girl is a novel that reflectsthe ideology of fascism under Adolf Hitler regime.Fascism in German is called Nazism. Anne’s family as Jews should move from German because the rule that made by Nazi to remove their citizenship from German. As Jews their freedom is taken. Everyday they just can do the limited activity and allow to Jews.

2. Anti Semitism is reflected in Anne Frank’s “The Diary Of Young Girl”. As Jews Anne received the impact of Anti Semitism that is adopted by Adolf Hitler. Mass boycott in some countries against stores owned by Jews and also the professional Jews, such as doctors and lawyers.

3. Holocaust reflected in Anne Frank’s The Diary of Young Girl, Anne and her sisterare from thousands of people who died in the concentrationcamps. They are part of holocaust victims who died because of ideology of fascism that adopted by Hitler and Nazi.Anne and some of her family member as her sister and mother die in concentration camps.

4. Final execution is reflected in the novel “The Diary of young Girl”while Gestapo captured and sent Anne’s family to concentration camps.

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decide, just as many other German Jews, to leave Germany.

Otto can set up a business in Amsterdam and the family finds a home on the Merwedeplein. The children go to school, Otto works hard in his business and Edith looks after the home. As the threat of war in Europe increases, Otto and his family try to emigrate to England and the U.S.A. but these attempts fail. On 1 September 1939 Germany invades Poland and World War Two starts.

For a while there is hope that The Netherlands will not become involved in the war, but on 10 May 1940 German troops invade the country. Five days later The Netherlands surrenders and is occupied. Anti-Jewish regulations soon follow. Jews are allowed to go to less and less places, Anne and Margot must attend a Jewish school and Otto loses his business.

When a renewed attempt to emigrate to the U.S.A. fails, Otto and Edith decide to go into hiding. Otto furnishes the house behind his business premises on the

Prinsengracht and this becomes the hiding place. He does this together with his Jewish business partner Hermann van Pels and help from employees Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler.

On 5 July 1942 Margot Frank receives a call-up to report for a German work camp. The next day the Frank family goes into hiding. The Van Pels family follow a week later and in November 1942 an eighth person arrives; dentist Fritz Pfeffer . They remain in the secret annex for just over two years.

The people in hiding must stay very quiet, they are often afraid and despite good and bad times, spend most of it together. They are helped by the office workers Johannes Kleiman, Victor Kugler, MiepGies and BepVoskuijl, by Miep's husband Jan

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Gies and warehouse boss Johannes Voskuijl, Bep's father. These helpers not only arrange food, clothes and books, they are contact with the outside world for the people in hiding.

Shortly before going into hiding Anne receives a diary for her birthday. She starts writing straightaway and during her time in hiding she writes about events in the secret annex and about herself. Her diary is a great support to her. Anne also writes short stories and collects her favorite sentences by other writers in a notebook.

When the Minister of Education makes a request on the radio for people to keep war diaries, Anne decides to edit her diary and create a novel called 'The Secret Annex'. She starts to rewrite her diary, but before she has finished, she and the other people in hiding are arrested.

On 4 August 1944 the people in hiding along with helpers Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler are arrested. Via the Sichterheidsdienst headquarters, prison and transit camp Westerbork they are deported to Auschwitz. The two helpers are sent to the Amersfoort camp. Johannes Kleiman is released shortly after his arrest and six months later Victor Kugler escapes. Immediately after the arrest MiepGies and BepVoskuijl rescue Anne's diary and papers that have been left behind in the secret annex. Despite intensive investigations it has never been clear how the hiding place was discovered.

Otto Frank is the only one of the eight people in hiding to survive the war. During his long journey back to The Netherlands he learns that his wife, Edith, has died. He knows nothing about his daughters and still hopes to see them again. He arrives back in Amsterdam at the beginning of July. He goes straight to Miep and Jan

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Gies and remains with them for another seven years.

Otto Frank tries to find his daughters but in July receives news that they have both died of disease and deprivation in Bergen-Belsen. MiepGies then gives him Anne's diary and papers. Otto reads the diary and discovers a completely different Anne. He is very moved by her writing.

Anne wrote in her diary that she wanted to be a writer or a journalist and that she wanted her diary published as a novel. Otto Frank's friends convince him of the great expressiveness of her diary and on 25 June 1947, 'The Secret Annex' is published in an edition of 3.000. Many more editions, translations , a play and a film follow .

People from all over the world learn of Anne Frank's story. Over the years Otto Frank answers thousands of letters from people who have read his daughter's diary. In 1960 the Anne Frank House becomes a museum. Otto Frank remains involved with the Anne Frank House and campaigns for human rights and respect until his death in 1980.

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Anne’s diary begins on her thirteenth birthday, June 12, 1942, and ends shortly after her fifteenth. At the start of her diary, Anne describes fairly typical girlhood experiences, writing about her friendships with other girls, her crushes on boys, and her academic performance at school. Because anti-Semitic laws forced Jews into separate schools, Anne and her older sister, Margot, attended the Jewish Lyceum in Amsterdam.

The Franks had moved to the Netherlands in the years leading up to World War II to escape persecution in Germany. After the Germans invaded the Netherlands in 1940, the Franks were forced into hiding. With another family, the van Daans, and an acquaintance, Mr. Dussel, they moved into a small secret annex above Otto Frank’s office where they had stockpiled food and supplies. The employees from Otto’s firm helped hide the Franks and kept them supplied with food, medicine, and information about the outside world.

The residents of the annex pay close attention to every development of the war by listening to the radio. Some bits of news catch Anne’s attention and make their way into her diary, providing a vivid historical context for her personal thoughts. The adults make optimistic bets about when the war will end, and their mood is severely affected by Allied setbacks or German advances. Amsterdam is devastated by the war during the two years the Franks are in hiding. All of the city’s residents suffer, since food becomes scarce and robberies more frequent.

Anne often writes about her feelings of isolation and loneliness. She has a tumultuous relationship with the adults in the annex, particularly her mother, whom she considers lacking in love and affection. She adores her father, but she is frequently scolded and criticized by Mr. and Mrs. van Daan and Mr. Dussel. Anne thinks that her

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sister, Margot, is smart, pretty, and agreeable, but she does not feel close to her and does not write much about her. Anne eventually develops a close friendship with Peter van Daan, the teenage boy in the annex. Mr. Frank does not approve, however, and the intensity of Anne’s infatuation begins to lessen.

Anne matures considerably throughout the course of her diary entries, moving from detailed accounts of basic activities to deeper, more profound thoughts about humanity and her own personal nature. She finds it difficult to understand why the Jews are being singled out and persecuted. Anne also confronts her own identity. Though she considers herself to be German, her German citizenship has been revoked, and though she calls Holland her home, many of the Dutch have turned against the Jews. Anne feels a tremendous solidarity with her aggrieved people, and yet at the same time she wants to be seen as an individual rather than a member of a persecuted group.

During the two years recorded in her diary, Anne deals with confinement and deprivation, as well as the complicated and difficult issues of growing up in the brutal circumstances of the Holocaust. Her diary describes a struggle to define herself within this climate of oppression. Anne’s diary ends without comment on August 1, 1944, the end of a seemingly normal day that leaves us with the expectation of seeing another entry on the next page. However, the Frank family is betrayed to the Nazis and arrested on August 4, 1944. Anne’s diary, the observations of an imaginative, friendly, sometimes petty, and rather normal teenage girl, comes to an abrupt and silent end.

Otto Frank is the family’s sole survivor, and he recovers Anne’s diary from Miep. He decides to fulfill Anne’s wishes by publishing the diary. Anne’s diary becomes a condemnation of the unimaginable horror of the Holocaust, and one of the

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few accounts that describe it from a young person’s perspective.

Since Anne’s diary is a true personal account of a life in hiding, it is inappropriate to analyze it as a novel or other work of fiction. Parts of the diary were intended for public view, but others clearly were not. To appreciate and interpret the diary, it is necessary to consider its horrible context, World War II and the Holocaust, before any discussion of plot development or thematic content.

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