14
TOTAL 1132+?
2169 100
14442 100
In learning vocabulary, the most important thing is the comprehension of the words, sentences and paragraph. According to Hirsch 2003, in learning
vocabulary in another language stated that an understanding of 90-95 of the words is necessary for comprehension. On the other hand, 2.92 of vocabulary
fell under the academic words AWL. Academic words are words that are commonly used in academic texts. Teacher need to select whether the academic
words that amounted to 422 words used in the textbook need to be introduced to the students in Vocational High Schools. There were 849 words fell under off-list.
Off list words are those words that did not include into other categories. This off- list word should not be ignored in teaching, because students at this level need to
know about the vocabulary. Then, teachers have to be wise in selecting for useful words in this category. The rest percentage of AWL and off-list words were
5.88, it means that students need efforts to get better comprehension.
2. Negative vocabulary profiles of the textbook
This section below presents the description of negative vocabulary profiles of the textbook. Negative vocabulary is vocabulary items that are not
found in the textbook. The list of negative K-1 words below is useful for teachers in selecting vocabulary items that students may find useful to develop their
vocabulary knowledge. For textbook writers, the list provides information in
15 assessing the completeness of instructional materials at different grades or
frequency levels.
Negative vocabulary profile of K1
This section presents all the word families =head words from the K-1 level that were not found in the textbook. The summary of negative vocabulary
profile for K-1 level is presented below. K-1 Total word families:
964 K-1 families in input:
584 70.95 K-1 families not in input:
281 29.15 These percentages do not refer to tokens in text but rather number of families.
Based on the summary above, there were 70.95 of word families that were found in the textbook. It means that there were 29.15 of word families that were
‘missing’ or not found based on the words listed in New General Service List NGSL.
The followings are some of the word families that are not found in the input textbook. The complete word list has been put in Appendix A.
Table 2. Negative Vocabulary Profile of K-1 ABOVE
ACCOUNT ACCOUNTABLE
ADMIT ADOPT
AFFAIR AGENT
ALTHOUGH ANCIENT
ANIMAL APPOINT
ARM ARMY
ASSOCIATE ATTEMPT
AVERAGE BANK
BAR BATTLE
BEHIND
16 BELONG
BESIDE BILL
BIRD BLOOD
BLUE BRANCH
BREAD BRIDGE
BROAD BURN
BUSINESS CAPITAL
CAPTAIN CARRY
CASTLE CENTRE
CHARGE CHIEF
CHURCH CLAIM
COAL COAST
COIN COLONY
COLOUR COMMAND
COMMITTEE CONDITION
CONTAIN COTTON
COUNCIL COURT
CROSS CROWD
CURRENT DARK
DEFEAT DEGREE
DEMAND DEPARTMENT
DISTINGUISH DOLLAR
DRY DUTY
EAR EAST
EFFICIENT EGG
ELECT ELEVEN
EMPIRE ENTER
EQUAL ESCAPE
EXCEPT EXCHANGE
EXERCISE EXPERIMENT
EXTEND
Negative Vocabulary profile of K2
This section presents all the word families =head words from the K-2 level that were not found in the textbook. The summary of negative vocabulary
profile for K-2 level is presented below. K-2 Total word families:
986 K-2 families in input:
284 28.80 K-2 families not in input:
703 71.30 It shows that overall of K-2 do not refer to tokens or number of words in the
textbooks but rather number of word families. As the result, there were 28.80 of word families that were found in the textbooks. Furthermore, there were 71.30
17 of word families were ‘missing’ or not found based on the words listed in New
General Service List NGSL.
The followings are some of the word families K-2 that were not found in the input textbook. The complete word list has been put in Appendix B.
Table 3. Negative Vocabulary Profile of K-2 ABROAD
ABSENCE ABSENT
ABSOLUTELY ACCUSE
ACCUSTOM ACHE
ADMIRE ADVERTISE
AEROPLANE AGRICULTURE
AHEAD AIM
AIRPLANE ALIVE
ALOUD ALTOGETHER
AMBITION AMUSE
ANGLE APART
APOLOGY APPLAUD
APPLAUSE APPLE
APPROVE ARCH
ARREST ARROW
ARTIFICIAL ASH
ASIDE ATTRACT
AUTUMN AVENUE
AWAKE AWKWARD
AXE BABY
BAG BAGGAGE
BAKE BAND
BARBER BARREL
BASIN BASKET
BATH BATHE
BAY BEAK
BEAM BEARD
BEAST BEAT
BELL BELT
BEND BERRY
BICYCLE BILLION
BIND BIT
BITE BLADE
BLAME BLIND
BOAST BOIL
BOLD BONE
BORDER BOTTLE
BOTTOM BOUND
BOUNDARY BOW
BOWL BRAIN
BRASS BRAVE
BREAKFAST BREATHE
BRIBE
18
Negative vocabulary profile of K3 or AWL
This section presents all the word families =head words from the K-3 or AWL level that were not found in the textbook. The summary of negative
vocabulary profile for K-3 or AWL level is presented below. AWL Total word families:
569 AWL families in input:
160 28.12 AWL families not in input:
410 72.06 Based on the result, these percentages do not refer to tokens in text but rather
number of families. As it had been shown, there were 28.12 of word families were found in the textbook. Because of that, there were 72.06 of word families
were ‘missing’ or not found based on the words listed in New General Service List NGSL.
The followings are some of the word families K-3 that were not found in the input textbook. The complete word list has been put in Appendix C.
Table 4. Negative Vocabulary Profile of K-3 or AWL ABANDON
ACCESS ACCOMMODATE
ACCUMULATE ACKNOWLEDGE
ACQUIRE ADAPT
ADEQUATE ADJACENT
ADJUST ADMINISTRATE
ADULT AGGREGATE
AID ALBEIT
ALLOCATE ALTER
ALTERNATIVE AMBIGUOUS
AMEND ANALOGY
ANALYSE ANNUAL
APPARENT APPEND
APPROXIMATE ARBITRARY
ASSEMBLE
19 ASSIGN
ASSIST ASSURE
ATTACH ATTAIN
ATTITUDE ATTRIBUTE
AUTHOR AUTHORITY
AUTOMATE AVAILABLE
BEHALF BULK
CAPABLE CAPACITY
CEASE CHALLENGE
CHANNEL CHART
CHEMICAL CITE
CIVIL CLARIFY
CLAUSE COHERENT
COINCIDE COLLAPSE
COLLEAGUE COMMENCE
COMMENT COMMODITY
COMPATIBLE COMPENSATE
COMPILE COMPLEX
COMPONENT COMPOUND
COMPREHENSIVE COMPRISE
COMPUTE CONCEIVE
CONCENTRATE CONCEPT
CONCURRENT CONFINE
CONFIRM CONFLICT
CONFORM CONSENT
CONSEQUENT CONSIDERABLE
CONSIST CONSTITUTE
CONSTRAIN CONSTRUCT
CONSULT CONTACT
CONTEMPORARY CONTRACT
CONTRADICT CONTROVERSY
CONVENE CONVERSE
CONVERT COOPERATE
COORDINATE CORE
CORPORATE CORRESPOND
COUPLE CREDIT
CRITERIA
3. Block frequency output of off-list words.
