Knowledge T1 112010137 Full text

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1. Knowledge

In the cognitive domain, “knowledge” represents the lowest level of questions. To answer the questions, students are only required to remember their previous knowledge. Common question asked by the teachers in this study is “Do you still remember…. ?” which indicate a recalling material.This kind of question is classified in this level because it only recalls the students’ previous learned material. A further example of questions in knowledge level is in the 5 th observation which talked about a narrative text, the legend of Lake Toba: Do you know who is the character of the story? 5 th observation, 21 st of February To answer this question, the students only had to look back and listed the characters in the story. Interestingly, some questions can be classified into more than one level. For example What is the purpose? 8 th observation, 26 th of March What is the purpose of narrative text? 1 st observation, 8 th of February Both in the 8 th and first observation, the teachers and students were discussing kinds of text included the characteristics, generic structure, and the purpose of the text in eighth grade. While in the 8 th observation they discussed recount 15 text which was someone’s experience, in the first observation they talked about narrative text which was about little mermaid. In this case, they had discussed recount and narrative texts in the previous meeting. The sample questions above could be classified as analysis level. However, since the purpose of the teacher was only for recalling the students about the purpose of recount and narrative text, which had been discussed before, this question was classified into knowledge level. In my experiences it was also proven that teacher often ask this kind of question to remind the students about the purpose of different kinds of text. E.g. narrative text is purposed to entertain the readers, descriptive text is purposed to describe things or people, and so on. Another example can be seen from 5 th observation, 21 st of February, 2014: What is in the orientation? In orientation, what can you find? 5 th observation, 21 st of February In this case, the lesson about orientation had been taught in previous meeting. Thus, these two questions were classified into knowledge level as the students were asked to recall the material they had learned in the previous meeting. Related to the purpose of questions, Cotton 2001 listed variety of purposes of questioning, but there seem to be different purposes in using the knowledge level of questions. As stated before, knowledge level required students to recall previous material, it can be concluded that the possible 16 purpose of using this level based on Cotton 2001 listed is to review and summarize previous lesson. Another purpose is probably to encourage students’ participation in a lesson Richard, 1996 as can be seen from this question: Anyone knows what letter is? 11 th observation, 23 th of April The topic of the lesson in the 11 th observation was about letter in 8 th grade. By the question above, the students were engaged to give response.

2. Comprehension