D Steps in the MINOR permit process small-scale projects

Q ? Q ? determine if potential for impacts exists, where necessary consulting with NEMC. The following checklist is used to determine whether the potential for impacts exists. If the project meets any of the criteria below, then it is referred to the MAJOR permit process. Size The physical scale of the project may suggest the degree of potential impacts presented. As a preliminary measure, pending fur ther investigation, it is suggested that the following be used to assess the probable lack of significant impacts. Does the project exceed any of the following limits in size? • Individual earthen ponds measuring less than 400 m 2 • Individual floating cages measuring less than 400 m 2 • Individual long lines less than 400 m 2 • Individual rafts less than 400 m 2 • Individual bottom cultures measur ing less than 400 m 2 U se of exotic species Are exotic or imported species to be used ? If exotic or impor t- ed organisms are to be used, then the project is assumed to pre- sent potential impacts and must be reviewed in the MAJOR permit process. Number of projects in the same area Even small-scale projects may produce cumulative impacts when more than one is present in the same area. Thus, as a pre- liminary measure pending further investigation, it is suggested that if multiple projects exist and exceed the following levels, that the project would be reviewed using the MAJOR permit process. 25 Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership ❑ YES ❑ N O ❑ YES ❑ N O Q ? Q ? Are there more than 10 individual mariculture projects measuring over the size limits mentioned above in the same area? “Project” is defined as an individual pond, floating cage, long line, raft, or bottom culture. Objections from the local community or other potential socioeconomic impacts O nce public notice is posted regarding the intention to establish a mar iculture project, if any objection from the community is registered in writing with the authorities, then the objection must be reviewed by the DTT with reference to the criteria listed below to determine whether the project should be referred to the MAJOR permit process. Socioeconomic impacts may include, but are not limited to: • Displacement of human occupation • Displacement of other economic or traditional activities • Possible conflict with other economic activities • Need to bring in more than 20 workers from outside the local community • Affects on human health or safety • Not being in accordance with current policy or regulation Is there a possibility that the project causes any of the above? Cases where potential impacts related to the following are suspected: • Soil, beach or coastal erosion may occur • Changes in hydrology or hydrodynamics may increase the probability of flooding or affect the water use rights of other users • Possibility of salinization of ground water 26 Tan zan ia Mar icu l t u r e In vest or ’s Gu ide ❑ YES ❑ N O ❑ YES ❑ N O Q ? Q ? ❑ YES ❑ N O • O bstr uction, displacement or hazard to wildlife, migratory birds or aquatic life may occur • Sensitive habitats such as mangrove, wetlands, inter tidal zones, or coral reefs are located within the project site, or project activities could affect these • Use of wild animals or plants such that local populations may be damaged • Deter ioration of water quality Is there a possibility that the project causes any of the above? W here associated activities may present potential impacts: • Creation of other infrastructure such as processing plants, docks, roads, pumping stations or hatcheries is proposed and is believe to pose potential impacts • W here degradation or damage may be caused to areas of cul- tural, historical, archeological or religious impor tance • Areas where little or no previous exper ience exists as a basis of analysis, such as: • Use of new species or imported species • Use of new culture technologies, par ticularly in the case of intensive systems • W here conditions are judged to exist such that project success is questionable Is there a possibility that the project causes any of the above? A project has the potential for significant impacts, if the project meets any one of the above cr iteria or if the DTT cannot make a determination. In this case, the DTT refers the project to NEMC for review. NEMC will conduct a Preliminary Environmental 27 Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership ❑ YES ❑ N O Assessment PEA , a deter mination as to whether full EIA is needed. If the PEA determines that a full EIA is required, then the project follows the MAJOR permit process. If the PEA deter- mines that no significant impacts are presented, then the project may once again return to the MINOR permit process. A project does not have the potential for significant impacts, if the project is determined not to possess any of the above-listed impacts.

III. MAJOR

PERMIT PROCESS For large-scale projects, or small-scale projects with poten- tial impacts The MAJOR permit process is for large-scale projects or those determined to have the potential for significant impacts. The MAJOR permit process relies on three institutionalized systems within Tanzania’s central government. These three systems are woven together by the MAJOR permit process to ensure the efficient and transparent processing of the permit application. The three systems used by the MAJOR permit process are: Technical Feasibility Study – The Fisher ies Division is the lead institution for mariculture, offering technical assistance as well as legal guidance. The Technical Feasibility Study is reviewed by the Fisheries Division and is used to ascertain that the project pro- posal is feasible, viable and socially acceptable. Consideration of the social acceptability, economic effects, and environmental impacts is important since these play a role in determining the long-term success of a mariculture business and because large- scale projects generally need support from the public sector, thus justifying review from the perspective of determining feasibility. 28 Tan zan ia Mar icu l t u r e In vest or ’s Gu ide Apar t from deter mining whether the project should be granted approval to proceed, the Technical Feasibility Study ser ves as a vehicle by which the project is analyzed by an array of exper ts from different fields who may provide technical assistance to the investor in areas where room for improvement exists. Certificate of Business Incentives – The Tanzania Investment Centre TIC acts as a one-stop permitting center and provides facilitation of all investment requirements for the investor. TIC grants the investor the Cer tificate of Business Incentives. To large-scale investors who meet the requirements, the Cer tificate of Business Incentives offer s advantages related to income, sales and custom taxes, as well as other financial incentives. TIC can facilitate obtaining non-financial incentives such as favorable immigration quotas and visas. Environmental Impact Assessment EIA – The National Environmental Management Council NEMC is the lead agency for reviewing EIAs. Successful completion of the EIA is required to legally operate a mariculture business. The EIA is a process that identifies or predicts, and evaluates or analyzes the potential implications of mariculture development. It also recommends measures to eliminate or mitigate potential impacts. Mariculture EIA is a process that can be used to improve decisionmaking and ensure that the development options under consideration are ecologically, socially and economically sustainable. The EIA therefore includes elements of social and economic analysis. The EIA should not be viewed as a tool for regulation only; the investor can benefit from this form of analysis since environmen- tal impacts can cause loss of production and economic losses. The thread weaving these important systems together is the EIA process. Mariculture touches on a number of environmental, 29 Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership