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BAB II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Test
1. The Definition of Test
According to Anthony J. Nitko :” Test is a systematic procedure for observing and discribing one or more characteristics of a person with the
aid of either numerical scale or category system.”
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And another definition is “ a test is a systematic procedure for observing and discribing a person’s
behavior in a standard situation.”
2
A test is a standardized situation that provides an individual with a score.”
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Based on the above opinions, we can conclude that a test is a procedure designed to elicit score from which it can make inference
certain characteristics of individual.
2. Purpose of Test
As a means of evaluation, test has some functions of course. According to Penny Ur:” Test has some functions, namely:
a. Give the teacher information about where the students are at the
moment to help decide what to teach next b.
Give the students information about what they know, so that they also have an awareness of what they need to learn or review.
c. Assess for some purpose external to current teaching
d. Motivate students to learn or review specific material
e. Get a noisy class to keep quiet and concentrate
1
Anthony J. Nitko, Educational test and measurement an Introduction, New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc, 1983, p. 6
2
Michael T. Nietzel, Introduction to Clinical Psychology, New Jersey : Prentice Hall, 1998, p. 159
3
Jum C. Nunnaly, Educational Measurement and Evaluation New York : McGraw Hill Book Company, 1964, p. 12
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f. Provide a clear indication that the class has reached a ‘station’ in
learning. Such as the end of unit, thus contributing to a sense of structure in the course as a whole.
g. Get students to make effort in doing the test itself, which is likely to
lead to better result and feeling of satisfaction. h.
Give students tasks which themselves may actually provide useful review or practice, as well as testing
i. Provide students with a sense of achievement and progress in their
learning.
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From the description above, test has some important functions to make the education getting better.
3. Types of Test
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